基于各向异性扩散滤波及属性分析的断缝体识别方法研究  

Study of fault-fracture identification method based on anisotropic diffusion filtering and attribute analysis

作　　者：傅艳莉 李超 陈浩[1,2,3] 刘振峰 陈天胜[4] FU YanLi;LI Chao;CHEN Hao;LIU ZhenFeng;CHEN TianSheng(University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;State Key Laboratory of Acoustics,Institute of Acoustics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sea Deep Drilling and Exploration,Institute of Acoustics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [2]中国科学院声学研究所,声场声信息国家重点实验室,北京100190 [3]中国科学院声学研究所,北京市海洋深部钻探测量工程技术研究中心,北京100190 [4]中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《地球物理学进展》2023年第3期1107-1118,共12页Progress in Geophysics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42004117);中国科学院科研仪器设备研制项目(YJKYYQ20200072);中国石化科技部项目(P20056-3)联合资助。

摘　　要：有效识别地层中的断层、裂缝是复杂裂缝性油气藏勘探开发的重点,近年来,由断层、伴生破碎带、裂缝带及周边有效基质组成的复杂缝网系统的断缝体概念受到越来越多的关注和重视.目前地震断缝体识别方法主要是利用地震振幅、相干和曲率等属性分析方法.实际地震资料存在的很多噪声,包括地层噪声、随机噪声和处理过程中引入的噪声等,对各种属性的计算和断缝体的识别造成干扰.各向异性扩散滤波可以有效去除噪声干扰,但增强同相轴连续性的同时可能给断层识别造成困难,因而需要考虑在保持断缝体的边缘结构信息的同时提高地震资料的信噪比.本文将Gaussian-Hermite矩的相干属性作为调整因子引入到各向异性扩散滤波中,数据处理表明其具有适应强噪声环境的优势,可以在消除噪声干扰增强地层界面连续性的同时保护地震剖面中断缝体构造的边界信息.在此基础上,将剖面的相干属性和熵属性结合,在宏观尺度上识别了断层位置及断缝体范围,研究有助于解决复杂介质断缝体识别的难题,同时为断缝体内幕刻画及参数反演奠定基础.Identifying faults and fractures in the formation effectively is the key to the exploration and development of complex fractured reservoirs.In recent years,the concept of fault-fracture reservoir of complex fracture system,which is composed of faults,associated broken zone,fracture zone and surrounding effective substrate,has gained increasing attention.At present,seismic fault-fracture reservoir identification methods mainly include seismic amplitude,coherence and curvature attribute analysis methods.However,the field seismic data often have a lot of noise,including formation noise,random noise and noise introduced in the signal processing,which interferes with the calculation of various attributes and the identification of fault-fracture reservoir.Anisotropic diffusion filtering can effectively remove some of these noises,but it may cause difficulties in fault identification while enhancing the continuity of seismic event.Therefore,it is necessary to keep the edge structure information of fault-fracture reservoir and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data.In this paper,coherent attributes based on Gaussian-Hermite moments are introduced into anisotropic diffusion filtering as adjustment factors.The data processing results show that it has the advantage of adapting to strong noise environment and can protect the boundary information of fault structures in seismic profiles while eliminating noise interference and enhancing the continuity of stratigraphic interface.On this basis,the coherence attribute and entropy attribute of the profile are combined to identify the location of faults and the range of fault-fracture reservoir on a macro scale.The research would be helpful to solve the problem of fault-fracture reservoir recognition in complex media,and lays a foundation for the interior characterization and parameter inversion of fault-fracture reservoir.

关 键 词：各向异性扩散 断缝体 GAUSSIAN-HERMITE矩 相干属性 熵属性 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]