高频电磁法在考古勘探中的3D数值模拟研究  

3D numerical simulation study on high frequency electromagnetic method in archaeological exploration

作　　者：曹文静 王若[1,2] 王光杰[2,3] 王妙月 朱建峰[4] 李奇霖 CAO WenJing;WANG Ruo;WANG GuangJie;WANG MiaoYue;ZHU JianFeng;LI QiLin(CAS Engineering Laboratory for Deep Resources Equipment and Technology,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Innovation Academy for Earth Science,CAS,Beijing 100029,China;College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Aerospace Information Research Institute,CAS,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院深地资源装备技术工程实验室,中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029 [2]中国科学院地球科学研究院,中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029 [3]中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院,北京100049 [4]中国科学院空天信息创新研究院,北京100094

出　　处：《地球物理学进展》2023年第3期1305-1316,共12页Progress in Geophysics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“天地联合田野考古调查关键技术”(2020YFC1521900);中国科学院科研仪器设备研制项目(ZDZBGCH2018006)联合资助。

摘　　要：虽然各种物探方法在考古都有应用,并且取得了一系列成果,但距离考古工作者期望的总体效果还有很大的差距,需要发展新的方法技术.针对地下遗存的浅埋藏特性,频段介于可控源音频电磁法和探地雷达间的高频电磁法被提了出来.为了探索该方法对考古遗存的探测能力,本文用3D积分方程法对高频电磁法开展了数值模拟研究.从文献中提取了椁墓墓葬模型和古城墙模型,并将椁墓墓葬模型分成被水浸泡和干燥两种情况,以模拟不同环境下高频电磁法的探测能力.通过对椁墓模拟结果的分析,发现无论椁墓含水与否,高频电磁法的电场与卡尼亚视电阻率均能对墓葬有较好响应.通过对古城墙的模拟发现,高频电磁法很好地反映了古城墙的存在.对于顶部埋藏浅的古城墙遗迹,最好选用较高的频率,以获得顶部埋藏资料,有利于后续的反演解释.除此之外,发现磁场对地下遗存的响应最小,电阻率对地下遗存的响应最大,建议同时测量电场和磁场,最后用视电阻率来进行解释.通过本文的研究,证明高频电磁法对不同环境下的考古埋藏遗存均有很好的反映,是一种值得发展的方法.Although some geophysical methods have been applied in archaeology prospecting and achieved a series of effective results,there is still a big gap from the overall effect expected by archaeologists,and new methods and technologies need to be developed.In accordance with the shallow burial features of subsurface remains,a new method named high-frequency electromagnetic methods is proposed,whose frequency bands is between the controlled-source audio electromagnetic methods and the ground-penetrating radar method.In order to investigate the detecting ability of the new method for prospecting archaeological remains,we performed a numerical simulation study with 3D integral equation method.Two archaeological remain models,coffin tomb and ancient city wall,are designed according to the references,and the tomb model is designed with and without water to simulate different circumstances.The simulation results show that,the electric field and Cargniard apparent resistivity of the new method could respond well to the tombs whether the tomb contains water or not,and the response of the city wall revealed the existenceof the remains very well too.We also find from the results,a higher frequency should be adopt for the ancient city wall remains because its top burial depth is more shallower than the tomb.We suggest that the Cargniard resistivity calculated by the ratio of electric and magnetic field should be used to interpret the data because it has the biggest response to the subsurface remains.Through the research of this paper,it is proved that high-frequency electromagnetic method can well explore the archaeological buried remains in different environments and worth to be developed.

关 键 词：高频电磁法 考古 椁墓墓葬 古城墙 数值模拟 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]