光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)和分布式声波传感器(DAS)在地学中的应用进展及发展方向  

Recent advances in geoscience using Fiber Bragg Grating(FBG) and Distrusted Acoustic Sensing(DAS) and the road ahead

作　　者：张辉 吕庆田[1,2] 张毅 刘振东[1,2] 李巧灵 陈进 李立胜 ZHANG Hui;LÜQingTian;ZHANG Yi;LIU ZhenDong;LI QiaoLing;CHEN Jin;LI LiSheng(Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China;China Deep Exploration Center,China Geological Survey and Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China;Beijing Institute of Ecological Geology,Beijing 100120,China;CCCC First Highway Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100024,China;PetroChina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology,Hangzhou 300015,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院,北京100037 [2]中国地质调查局中国地质科学院地球深部探测中心,北京100037 [3]北京市生态地质研究所,北京100120 [4]中交一公局集团有限公司,北京100024 [5]中国石油杭州地质研究院,杭州300015

出　　处：《地球物理学进展》2023年第3期1416-1454,共39页Progress in Geophysics

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目(DD20230008);国家自然科学基金项目(42004079);中国地质科学院基本科研业务费专项经费(JKY202205,JKY202213)联合资助。

摘　　要：光纤通信是20世纪最伟大的创新成就之一.21世纪以来,光纤布拉格光栅和分布式光纤声波传感器逐渐应用在地学领域中,因其具有耐受复杂环境,采集密度高,频率范围大,成本低等优势,在井中地震,地面地震,地热,矿产,水力压裂微震监测,碳捕捉与封存监测,近地表结构和天然地震学,设施安全和地质灾害监测以及地学大数据等领域得以迅速发展并很快成为研究热点.本文将光纤布拉格光栅和分布式光纤声波传感器与常规地震检波器在基本原理,主要结构和采集信号等方面进行总结对比,结合野外试验和地学领域的应用实例对他们的优缺点和适用性进行了初步探讨和总结:DAS能够更好地实现长距离覆盖,而FBG能记录矢量信号.然后针对光纤传感器存在的低信噪比,方向效应和位置不确定性等问题进行了讨论分析,提出了解决方法.建议未来在碳捕捉、利用与封存,地热,科学钻探井等领域大力发展光纤传感长期监测技术,组建局部或全球性的光纤地震监测网络,为解决实际地质问题提供可靠的光纤地学信息.Optical fiber communication is one of the greatest innovative achievements in the 20th century. Fiber Bragg Grating(FBG)and distributed fiber acoustic sensor have been gradually applied in Geoscience since the 21st century. Due to the advantages of withstanding complex environment, high acquisition density, broadband and low cost, they have been widely used in various Geoscience fields, such as borehole seismic, surface seismic, geothermal, mineral, hydraulic fracturing, microseismic monitoring, carbon capture and storage monitoring, near surface structure and seismology, facility safety and geological disaster monitoring, and Geoscience big data, etc. Recently they have developed rapidly and quickly to become the research frontier and focus in these fields. In this paper, FBG and distributed acoustic sensor are summarized and compared with conventional geophone in terms of basic principles, main structures and acquisition signals. Distrusted Acoustic Sensing(DAS)can better achieve long-distance coverage, while FBG can record vector signals. Then combined with field tests and application examples in Geosciences, their advantages, disadvantages and applicability are discussed and summarized. The issues of low signal-to-noise ratio, directional effect and position uncertainty of optical fiber sensor are discussed and analyzed, and the solutions are put forward. In the future, it is suggested that long-term monitoring technology of optical fiber sensing in the fields of carbon capture, utilization and storage, geothermal, scientific drilling wells, and establish a local or global optical fiber seismic monitoring network to provide reliable optical fiber Geoscience information for solving practical geological problems.

关 键 词：光纤布拉格光栅 分布式光纤声波传感器 瑞利后向散射 地学应用 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]