黏土型锂矿床勘查开发过程中的瓶颈问题和若干思考  

The bottleneck problem and some thoughts on the process of exploration and development of clay-type lithium deposit

作　　者：王辉[1] 张福强 张德高 周立坚 赵冠华 廖家隆 闫小敏 徐惠恒 侯万武 张金剑 吕琪 曾平 卢安康 WANG Hui;ZHANG Fuqiang;ZHANG Degao;ZHOU Lijian;ZHAO Guanhua;LIAO Jialong;YAN Xiaomin;XU Huiheng;HOU Wanwu;ZHANG Jinjiang;LÜQi;ZENG Ping;LU Ankang(China National Administration of Coal Geology Guangxi Administration of Coal Geology,Nanning,530299;China University of Geosciences,Wuhan,430047;China National Administration of Coal Geology,Beijing,100038)

机构地区：[1]中国煤炭地质总局广西煤炭地质局,南宁530299 [2]中国地质大学,武汉430074 [3]中国煤炭地质总局,北京100038

出　　处：《地质论评》2023年第4期1298-1312,共15页Geological Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(编号:19ZDA111);中国煤炭地质总局重大科技项目(编号:ZMKJ-2021-ZX03);广西自然科学基金面上项目(编号:2019GXNSFAA185062)的成果~~。

摘　　要：锂作为国家战略性关键紧缺矿产资源,随着现代科技的不断进步,需求量会不断增加。寻找更多的锂矿资源,降低进口依赖度,保障国家资源安全,已是迫在眉睫。黏土型锂矿床作为锂矿的重要类型之一,因分布面积广,资源潜力巨大,越来越受到关注,或可成为锂矿资源的重要补充,既是今后矿产资源勘查的重要方向之一,也是破解锂矿资源紧缺局面的重要途径。黏土型锂矿床已取得不少进展,但也存在一些问题,一定程度上制约了对黏土型锂矿床勘查与开发。通过文献查阅、政府和企业官网的情报收集,结合自身锂矿勘查实践,发现影响和制约黏土型锂矿床勘查与开发的主要问题有5个:①对黏土型锂矿床资源潜力认识不充分,前景不看好,未给予足够重视;②缺乏指导勘查工作的规范性依据;③矿产资源管理与矿业权管理中的不利因素导致勘查力度不足;④勘查研究过程对于矿石选冶加工技术性能重视程度不够,工艺流程尚不成熟。特别是经济合理、环境友好型的分离提取技术和工艺流程尚在探索阶段;⑤可供勘查评价与找矿预测的超常富集成因机制与找矿模型的基础研究尚不深入。针对以上5个问题,提出5个方面的思考与建议,以期加快黏土型锂矿床的勘查开发步伐,可望缓解锂矿资源紧缺和供需矛盾紧张现状。①呼吁地勘行业重视黏土型锂矿床,将黏土型锂矿床按独立的新矿种类型对待。在充分利用煤、铝等勘查老资料进行二次开发的基础上,对异常区进行验证性调查,圈定可供勘查的找矿有利区段或找矿靶区,为黏土型锂矿勘查部署提供依据;②通过选择有代表性的区块开展勘查开发试验研究和工程示范,尽快研究出台黏土型锂矿床勘查规范,为今后规范黏土型锂矿勘查工作提供作业依据;③从矿权现行管理制度出发,按照“公益先行,基金衔接,商业跟进,整装勘查Lithium is a key international and domestic strategic shortage of mineral resources,the traditional brine-type lithium,hard rock-type lithium deposits cannot meet the growing demand of modern high-tech industry.The clay-type lithium deposit distribution area is wide,with huge resource potential has not been effectively developed,which is a major topic concerned by the industry(objectives).Through consulted literatures,collected information on government and enterprise official websites,combined with our own lithium exploration practicing(methods),it is found that there are five main problems affecting and restricting the exploration and development of clay-type lithium deposits:①The resource potential of clayey lithium deposits is not fully understood,the prospect is not promising,and insufficient attention is not paid to it.②The lack of normative basis to guide the exploration work.③The unfavorable factors of mineral resources management and mining rights management lead to insufficient exploration.④In the process of exploration and research,the technical performance of ore separation,metallurgy and processing is not paid enough attention,and the technological process is not mature,especially the economical and environmentally friendly separation and extraction technology and process are still in the exploration stage.⑤The basic research on the genetic mechanism and prospecting model of supernormal enrichment which can be used for exploration evaluation and prospecting prediction is still not thorough.In view of the above five problems,five aspects of thinking and suggestions are put forward in order to accelerate the pace of exploration and development of clayey lithium deposits,which is expected to alleviate the shortage of lithium resources and the tension between supply and demand.①The geological prospecting industry should pay more attention to clayey lithium deposits and treat them as independent new mineral types.On the basis of making full use of the old exploration data such as coal and alum

关 键 词：黏土型锂矿 含煤、铝岩系 赋存状态与分离提取 勘查开发研究与示范 勘查评价体系标准 

分 类 号：P618.71[天文地球—矿床学]