中国2007-2021年水痘突发公共卫生事件流行病学特征  

Epidemiological characteristics of varicella public health emergency events in China,2007-2021

作　　者：王淼[1] 曾祥 张一平[1] 李军宏[1] 宋渝丹[1] 王亚敏[1] 刘燕敏[1] 黄勇 尹遵栋[1] 马超[1] Wang Miao;Zeng Xiang;Zhang Yiping;Li Junhong;Song Yudan;Wang Yamin;Liu Yanmin;Huang Yong;Yin Zundong;Ma Chao(National Immunization Program,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China;Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China;Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhuhai 519000,Guangdong,China;Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangzhou 510000,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心免疫规划中心,北京100050 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心中国现场流行病学培训项目,北京100050 [3]珠海市疾病预防控制中心,广东珠海519000 [4]广州市疾病预防控制中心,广东广州510000

出　　处：《中国疫苗和免疫》2023年第3期274-279,共6页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

摘　　要：目的 分析中国水痘突发公共卫生事件(Public health emergency event, PHEE)发生特征。方法 通过中国PHEE信息管理系统收集2007-2021年报告水痘PHEE,描述性分析流行病学特征。结果 2007-2021年中国共报告水痘PHEE 10 446起,每年报告261起(2012年)-1 327起(2018年)。每起PHEE水痘病例数、罹患率、持续时间、响应时间中位数(四分位数间距)分别为23(16-35)例、3.30(1.49-7.27)%、24(14-43)d、10(6-19)d。在所有水痘PHEE中,1-3月、4-6月、7-9月、10-12月分别占10.50%、35.71%、3.73%、50.06%,托幼机构、小学、初中、高中、高校、其他学校、其他场所分别占12.44%、72.56%、7.07%、3.35%、0.68%、3.63%、0.26%。在2020-2021年报告水痘PHEE中,水痘疫苗未纳入免疫规划、纳入≤2年、纳入>2年的地区每起PHEE水痘罹患率中位数分别为2.71%、2.01%、1.52%。结论 中国水痘PHEE呈上升趋势和明显季节性,主要发生在中小学和托幼机构。需重点加强学校水痘监测,及时处置疫情,加强水痘疫苗接种。Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of varicella public health emergency events(PHEEs)in China.MethodsWe obtained varicella PHEE reports during 2007-2021 from the China PHEE Information Management System and conducted a descriptive epidemiological analysis.ResultsA total of 10446 varicella PHEEs were reported in China from 2007 to 2021;numbers of annual reported PHEEs ranged from 261 in 2020 to 1327 in 2018.Median(inter-quartile range,IQR)varicella PHEE case counts,attack rates,durations,and response times were 23(16-35)days,3.30%(1.49%-7.27%),24(14-43)days,and 10(6-19)days,respectively.Among all PHEEs,10.50%,35.71%,3.73%,and 50.06%occurred from January to March,April to June,July to September,and October to December;12.44%,72.56%,7.07%,3.35%,0.68%,3.63%,and 0.26%occurred in kindergartens,primary schools,middle schools,high schools,colleges,other schools,and other places.Of the PHEEs reported in 2020-2021,median attack rates were 2.71%,2.01%,and 1.52%in areas where varicella vaccine had not been included in the local Expanded Program on Immunization,had been included for≤2 years,and had been included for>2 years.ConclusionsVaricella PHEEs in China showed an increasing trend with seasonality and occurred mainly in primary/middle schools and kindergartens.It is necessary to strengthen school varicella surveillance and rapid response to PHEEs and to improve varicella vaccination coverage.

关 键 词：水痘 突发公共卫生事件 流行病学特征 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学] R05[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]