花生气吸滚筒式穴播器分种盘设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Seed Separation Tray of Air-suction Roller Dibbler for Peanut

作　　者：张春艳 康建明 张宁宁 彭强吉 张惠[2] 王小瑜 ZHANG Chunyan;KANG Jianming;ZHANG Ningning;PENG Qiangji;ZHANG Hui;WANG Xiaoyu(Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences,Ji’nan 250010,China;Engineering Research Center for Production Mechanization of Oasis Special Economic Crop,Ministry of Education,Shihezi 832061,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业机械科学研究院,济南250010 [2]绿洲特色经济作物生产机械化教育部工程研究中心,石河子832061

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2023年第6期28-37,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000902);绿洲特色经济作物生产机械化教育部工程研究中心开放课题(PMOC2021A04);山东省农业科学院国际科技合作专项(CXGC2022F29)。

摘　　要：针对花生气吸滚筒式穴播器因一次投种性能不稳定造成单粒率低的问题,通过在气吸滚筒式穴播器的取种盘和二次投种机构之间增设分种盘,将种子限定在一个较小的齿形空间内,并拨动种子沿着预定轨道运动,提高了气吸滚筒式穴播器投种的准确性和精度。设计并分析了分种盘的分种齿齿形和分种盘与取种盘的位置关系,确定了分种盘结构和位置参数。借助DEM-CFD耦合方法研究了气吸滚筒式穴播器的工作过程,分析了携种区种子的运动轨迹,阐明了漏播和重播产生机理。以单粒率、漏播率和重播率为评价指标进行三因素二次旋转正交组合试验,分析了齿形方向角、安装角、作业速度对投种性能的影响,结果表明:当齿形方向角为-4.55°、安装角为14.99°和作业速度为4.01 km/h时,气吸滚筒式穴播器的排种性能最优,此时单粒率为94.99%,漏播率为2.49%,重播率为2.52%。以最优组合为基础进行田间试验,当作业速度为3.51~4.51 km/h时,试验结果满足花生单粒精量播种机械技术要求,且安装分种盘比未安装分种盘的单粒率提升超过1.46个百分点,排种优势明显。In order to solve the problem of low single seed rate caused by air-suction roller dibbler for peanut decreases due to the unstable performance of the first seed feeding,the seed separation tray was added between the seed collecting tray and the secondary seed feeding mechanism of the air-suction roller dibbler for peanut.The seeds were limited in a small tooth shaped space,and the seeds were moved along a predetermined track to improve the accuracy and precision of seed delivery of the air-suction roller dibbler for peanut.The tooth shape of seed separation tray and the position relationship between seed separation tray and seed collecting tray were designed and analyzed,and the structure and position parameters of seed separation tray were determined.The working process of air-suction roller dibbler for peanut was studied,the movement track of seeds in seed carrying area was analyzed,and the mechanism of missed seeding and replanting was clarified by using DEM-CFD coupling method.Three factors quadratic rotation orthogonal combination test was conducted with qualification index,missed seeding index and replaying index as evaluation indexes.The effects of tooth shape direction angle,installation angle and operation speed on seed delivery performance were analyzed.The results showed that when the direction angle of the tooth shape was-4.55°,the installation angle was 14.99°and the operating speed was 4.01 km/h,the seed metering performance of the air-suction roller dibbler for peanut was the best.The qualification index was 94.99%,the missed seeding index was 2.49%,and the replanting index was 2.52%.Based on the optimal combination,the field contrast test was conducted,and the test results met the technical requirements of single seed precision sowing machine for peanut.

关 键 词：花生 气吸滚筒式穴播器 分种盘 DEM-CFD 

分 类 号：S223.23[农业科学—农业机械化工程]