负载量对“冀砧2号”中间砧“天红2号”苹果果实品质和矿质营养的影响  

Effects of Load on Fruit Quality and Mineral Nutrition of‘Jizhen 2'Interstock‘Tianhong 2’Apple

作　　者：李爽 张洋红 陈昊炜 徐继忠[1] LI Shuang;ZHANG Yanghong;CHEN Haowei;XU Jizhong(College of Horticulture,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei 071001)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学园艺学院,河北保定071001

出　　处：《北方园艺》2023年第12期37-43,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-27)。

摘　　要：以“天红2号”“冀砧2号”“八棱海棠”为试材,设计3个负载量水平处理(T1每1 cm2干截面积留0.6个果;T2每1 cm2干截面积留1.4个果;T3每1 cm2干截面积留2.2个果),研究了不同负载量对“冀砧2号”中间砧富士苹果叶片和果实矿质元素及果实品质的影响,以期为果园管理提供参考依据。结果表明:随着负载量的增加,果实单果质量、纵径、横径逐渐减小,果实硬度逐渐增加,可溶性固形物含量逐渐降低,果面亮度(L)先增加后减少,负载量对果实苹果酸含量、果实红色度(a)、黄色度(b)影响不大。T2处理叶片氮、磷和镁含量均处于较高水平,T3处理叶片铁、锌和锰含量均处于较高水平。果实矿质元素方面,与其它2个处理相比,T1处理果实中铁、硼含量最高,T2处理果实氮、钾含量最高,T3处理果实磷、钙、铜含量最高,负载量对果实镁和锌含量影响不大。叶片和果实矿质元素相关性会因负载量的不同而不同,因此,针对不同负载量,可以通过调控叶片矿质元素水平进而调控果实中矿质元素含量。‘Tianhong 2’‘Jizhen 2'‘Baleng Crabapple'were used as materials,three load levels were designed(T1,O.6 fruits per square centimeter dry cross-sectional area;T2,1.4 fruit per square centimeter of dry cross-sectional area;T3,2.2 fruits per square centimeter of dry cross-sectional area).The effects of different loadings on mineral elements and fruit quality of Fuji apple leaves and fruits on‘Jizhen.2'interstock were studied,in order to provide reference for the orchard managment.The results showed that with the increase of load,the fruit weight,longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter increased gradually,the fruit hardness increased gradually,the soluble solids content decreased gradually,and the fruit surface brightness(L)increased first and then decreased.The load had little effect on the fruit malic acid content,fruit redness(a)and yellowness(b).The contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and magnesium in leaves of T2 treatment were at a high level,and the contents of iron,zinc and manganese in leaves of T3 treatment were at a high level.In terms of mineral elements in fruit,compared with the other two treatments,T1 treatment had the highest iron and boron content in fruit,T2 treatment had the highest nitrogen and potassium content in fruit,and T3 treatment had the highest phosphorus,calcium and copper content in fruit.The load had little effect on the content of magnesium and zinc in fruit.The correlation between mineral elements in leaves and fruits will vary with different loads.Therefore,for different loads,the content of mineral elements in fruits can be regulated by regulating the level of mineral elements in leaves.

关 键 词：苹果 矮化中间砧 负载量 矿质元素 相关性 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]