刚性—柔性宪法概念在中国的传播  

On the Dissemination of the Concept of Rigid and Flexible Constitution in Modern China

作　　者：胡晓进 Hu Xiaojin

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学人文学院

出　　处：《中外法学》2023年第4期886-905,共20页Peking University Law Journal

摘　　要：刚性宪法与柔性宪法系学术界通行的一种宪法分类方式,这一概念由英国学者、政治家詹姆斯·布赖斯于1884年首创,后经他和英国学者戴雪多次阐发。20世纪初,刚性与柔性宪法概念通过日本和欧美两大路径传入中国,引发了王宠惠与张东荪之间的一场激烈论争,成为1913年和1916年宪法起草委员会讨论的重要议题。随着中国新式大学的创立和法科教育的展开,刚性与柔性宪法概念随之在中国知识界广为传布,直至今日。由于学界并不十分清楚刚性与柔性宪法概念的历史起源及其进入中国的路径,致使当今的中文宪法教科书在介绍这一重要宪法概念和分类时,普遍存在着时间与人物错置现象,甚至与成文宪法和不成文宪法概念相混淆。近些年,随着日本修改宪法的呼声不断高涨,刚性宪法与柔性宪法概念再次引起国际学界重视,显示出持久的生命力与现实意义。The distinction between rigid constitution and flexible constitution is a widely accepted classification of constitutions.This distinction was first created by the British scholar and politician James Bryce in 1884,and has been elaborated by him and the British scholar Dicey many times.At the beginning of the 20th century,the concepts of rigid and flexible constitutions were introduced into China from Japan,Europe and the United States.This distinction triggered a fierce debate between Wang Chung-hui and Zhang Dongsun,and became an important topic discussed by the Constitution Drafting Committee in 1913 and 1916.With the establishment of modern universities and the development of legal education in China,the concepts of rigid constitution and flexible constitution have been widely spread in China to the very day.However,as the Chinese scholars have not fully grasped the historical origin of the binary of rigid constitution and the flexible constitution and the way they entered China,the current Chinese textbooks of constitutional law generally misplaced the time and persons when introducing this important constitutional concept and classification,even confusing the binary rigid constitution/flexible constitution with written constitution/unwritten constitution,which was not invented by James Bryce.In recent years,as the voice for amending the constitution continues to rise in Japan,the concepts of rigid constitution and flexible constitution have once again attracted the attention of international scholars,demonstrating their lasting vitality and practical significance.

关 键 词：刚性宪法与柔性宪法 詹姆斯·布赖斯 王宠惠 成文宪法与不成文宪法 

分 类 号：D911[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D929[政治法律—法学]