喷施不同钙硼肥对口感型番茄裂果和品质的影响  

Effect of different calcium boron fertilizeron tomato cracking and quality

作　　者：马吉林 郝佳玉 姚旭东 祝宁 李雨庭 方啸轶 王建立[1] 刘建伟 孙路路 MA Jilin;HAO Jiayu;YAO Xudong;ZHU Ning;LI Yuting;FANG Xiaoyi;WANG Jianli;LIU Jianwei;SUN Lulu(College of Plant Science and Technology,Beijing University of Agriculture,102206,China;Changping District Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Beijing 102200,China;Beijing Special Vegetable Grand View Garden Technology Development Co.,Ltd.Beijing,102206,China)

机构地区：[1]北京农学院植物科学技术学院,北京100026 [2]北京市昌平区农业技术推广站,北京102200 [3]北京特菜大观园科技发展有限公司,北京102206

出　　处：《北京农学院学报》2023年第3期65-69,共5页Journal of Beijing University of Agriculture

基　　金：北京市教育委员会科研计划项目(KM202110020005);北京农学院青年教师科研创新能力提升计划(QJKC2022005);首都科技创新券项目(2021)-夏季番茄综合品质提升的技术研究与现代农业产业技术体系北京市创新团队果类蔬菜(BAIC01)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选合适的外源钙硼肥,提高番茄果实的商品率。【方法】以京彩6号番茄为材料,在番茄坐果期叶面喷施氯化钙(5 g/L)、硼砂(1 g/L)、氯化钙(5 g/L)+硼砂(1 g/L)、安米达寡糖钙镁硼(1000倍)、澳袋尔液体硼(1000倍)、国光四高(1000倍)、鱼力钙硼(500倍)、施保康海藻钙镁硼(1000倍)、立美农,统计番茄裂果率,测定营养品质和矿质元素含量。【结果】结果表明喷施外源钙硼肥可降低番茄的裂果率,但对果实硬度影响不大,其中喷施施保康海藻钙镁硼(1000倍)和澳袋尔液体硼(1000倍)效果最好。外源喷施钙硼肥可以提高番茄果实中钙的含量,从在一定程度上提高番茄果实的品质,氯化钙(5 g/L)对番茄品质提升最明显,可显著提高番茄果实含糖量、糖酸比及维生素C含量,降低可滴定酸含量,提高番茄口感。喷施钙硼肥后,果实中Ca、B元素含量与对照相比有所增加,这可能是降低裂果率的主要原因。【结论】外源喷施过磷酸钙(立美农)可以提高番茄果实中Na、Fe、Zn、Mn含量,但对番茄品质并无显著性的提高。[Objective]This paper aims at explore the effects of different calcium and boron fertilizers on fruit cracking and quality of taste type tomato.Jingcai 6 tomato was sprayed with calcium chloride(5 g/L),borax(1 g/L),calcium chloride(5 g/L)+borax(1 g/L),Amida oligosaccharide Calcium Magnesium Boron(1000 times),aobao'er liquid boron(1000 times),Guoguang Sigao(1000 times),Yuli calcium boron(500 times),Shibaokang seaweed Calcium Magnesium Boron(1000 times)and limeinon during fruit bearing periods.The fruit cracking rate of tomatoes were counted and the nutritional quality and mineral element content were measured.[Results]The results showed that spraying exogenous calcium and boron fertilizer has little effect on fruit hardness,but can reduce the cracking rate of tomato,among which spraying Baokang seaweed calcium,magnesium and boron(1000 times)and aobao'er liquid boron(1000 times)has the best effect;Exogenously spraying calcium boron fertilizer can improve the content of calcium in tomato fruits,thereby reducing the fruit cracking rate,and to a certain extent improving the quality of tomato fruits.Calcium chloride(5 g/L)is the most obvious to improve the quality of tomatoes,It can significantly improve the sugar content,sugar-acid ratio and vitamin C content of tomato fruit,reduce the titrated acid content,and improve the taste of tomato.The amount of Ca and B elements increased in the fruit compared with the control,which may be the main reason for the reduction of fruit cracking.[Conclusion]Exogenously spraying calcium phosphate(Limei)can improve NA,FE,Zn,and Mn in tomato fruits,but it does not significantly improve the quality of tomatoes.

关 键 词：口感型番茄 裂果 钙 硼 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]