3种卫矛属植物秋冬期叶片结构的变化  

Changes in leaf structure in three species of Euonymus during autumn and winter

作　　者：刘星宇 王聪 王文和[1] 赵亚洲[1] 冷平生[1] LIU Xingyu;WANG Cong;WANG Wenhe;ZHAO Yazhou;LENG Pingsheng(College of Landscape Architecture,Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]北京农学院园林学院,北京102206

出　　处：《北京农学院学报》2023年第3期114-120,共7页Journal of Beijing University of Agriculture

基　　金：北京农学院揭榜挂帅项目(BUAJB2021008)。

摘　　要：【目的】为探明卫矛属(Euonymus L.)植物叶片结构秋冬期的变化。【方法】采集9至12月露天栽培的常绿植物冬青卫矛(E.japonicus Thunb.)、扶芳藤(E.fortunei(Turcz.)Hand.-Mazz.)和落叶植物丝棉木(E.maackii Rupr.)叶片为材料,采用临时制片法观察叶片表皮结构,通过石蜡切片法观察叶片内部结构。【结果】3种植物表皮细胞大小和形态无显著差异,但气孔分布存在明显差异,丝棉木的气孔分布在上、下表皮,冬青卫矛和扶芳藤的气孔仅分布在下表皮。3种植物叶片上、下角质层和上、下表皮由厚到薄的顺序均为:冬青卫矛>扶芳藤>丝棉木,两种常绿植物叶片下角质层厚度显著高于落叶的丝棉木。三者均为异面叶,内部解剖结构存在不同程度的差异,其中冬青卫矛有3层栅栏组织,扶芳藤和丝棉木仅有2层,且冬青卫矛的叶片厚度、海绵组织厚度、叶脉厚度显著高于另外2种植物,冬青卫矛海绵组织细胞近等径形,排列紧凑,而丝棉木海绵组织存在空隙。三种植物叶片中异细胞和晶体数量依次为:冬青卫矛>扶芳藤>丝棉木,冬青卫矛异细胞和晶体广泛分布于叶脉和叶肉中,扶芳藤则主要聚集在叶脉两侧,丝棉木仅韧皮部外分布少量晶体,没有明显的异细胞,且随温度降低叶片中的异细胞呈现染色程度变浅的现象。【结论】在北方秋冬期间三种卫矛属植物叶片结构存在明显差异,与其对低温环境的适应存在显著相关性,其中随温度下降叶片越厚、叶脉厚度越大、晶体与异细胞数量越多的植物更能适应冬季环境。[Objective]To explore the changes of leaf structure of Euonymus plants during during autumn and winter.[Method]Collect the leaves of the genus Euonymus L.from September to December,including evergreen plants E.japonicas Thunb.,E.fortunei(Turcz.)Hand.-Mazz.),and deciduous plant E.maackii Rupr as material,the leaf epidermis structure was observed by temporary section method,the internal structure of the leaves was observed by paraffin sectioning.[Results]There were no significant differences in epidermal cell size and morphology among the three plants,but there were significant differences in stomatal distribution,with stomata in the upper and lower epidermis of E.maackii Rupr,but only in the lower epidermis of the two evergreen plants.The thickness of horny substance and epidermis was in the order of E.japonicus Thunb.>E.fortunei(Turcz.)Hand.-Mazz.)>E.maackii Rupr.The Lower horny substance thickness of the leaves of the two evergreen plants was significantly higher than that of the deciduous one.All the three were hetero-foliar leaves,and their internal anatomical structures were different to varying degrees.There were 3 layers of palisade tissue in E.japonicus Thunb.,and only 2 layers in the others.The thickness of leaves,spongy tissue and veins in E.japonicus Thunb.was the highest.The cells of the spongy tissue of E.japonicus Thunb.were nearly iso diameters and compact,there was a void in spongy tissue of E.maackii Rupr.The number of idioblasts and crystals in the leaves of the three plants was in the order of E.japonicus Thunb.>E.fortunei(Turcz.)Hand.-Mazz.)>E.maackii Rupr,E.japonicus Thunb idioblasts and crystals were widely distributed in the leaf veins and mesophyll,E.fortunei(Turcz.)Hand.-Mazz.)were mainly gathered in both sides of the leaf veins,E.maackii Rupr only a small number of crystals outside the phloem,no obvious idioblast,and the idioblast in the leaves showed lighter staining with the decrease of temperature.[Conclusion]There were significant differences in leaf structure among the three species

关 键 词：卫矛属 叶片 解剖结构 

分 类 号：Q949.754.7[生物学—植物学]