灭火救援期间消防员皮肤烧伤损伤的数值模拟  

Numerical simulation of skin burn injuries of firefighters while firefighting and rescue

作　　者：雷颖 杨杰 Lei Ying;Yang Jie(School of Safety Science and Engineering,Xian University Science and Technology,Shaanxi Xi'an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学安全科学与工程学院,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2023年第7期950-955,共6页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51904228)。

摘　　要：为保障消防员生命安全和提升灾害应对能力,开展消防员灭火救援时皮肤烧伤风险的精准评估。首先,建立皮肤–衣下空气层–消防服系统热传递方程组;其次,通过织物周期运动与热暴露距离的变化进行修正;最后,离散求解获取皮肤组织的温度变化规律,进而预测皮肤烧伤等级与时间。结果表明,各辐射热暴露下当前模型预测的二度烧伤时间与文献模拟值仅有5.45%~13.60%的相对误差,吻合性较好。热暴露期间(20kW/m^(2))通过织物运动表征人体运动状态和仅考虑热暴露距离的变化时二度烧伤时间分别提前28.4%和延缓6.7%,严重影响救援研判精度。此外,观察到织物运动振幅与皮肤烧伤时间呈负相关。In order to ensure the life safety of firefighters and improve disaster response capability,a numerical simulation of firefighters'skin burn injuries was conducted.Firstly,the heat transfer model of the skin-underclothing air layer-fire suit system was proposed.Secondly,the heat transfer model was improved taking account of the fabric's periodic movement and the variation of heat exposure distance.Finally,the skin temperature was calculated by solving the differential equations,based on which the degree and time to skin burn injuries were calculated.The results indicated that the proposed model can well predict skin burn injuries with a relative error of 5.45%~13.6%for the time to 2nd degree burn.During the exposure to the thermal radiation of 20 kW/m²,the time to 2nd degree burn went ahead 28.4%or delayed 6.7%,respectively,when either the human movement was represented by fabric movement or distance between the body and heat source was considered,resulting in a serious over/under-estimation of skin burn.Moreover,a negative correlation between fabric movement amplitude and the time to skin burn was observed.This study can offer fundamental knowledge for the safety warning systems of firefighting and the development of high-performance protective clothing.

关 键 词：灭火救援 热传递模型 运动状态 皮肤烧伤 

分 类 号：X968[环境科学与工程—安全科学] D631.6[政治法律—政治学]