非法植入基因编辑罪中“情节严重”的司法认定研究  

Research on Judicial Determination of "Serious Circumstances" in the Crime ofIllegal Implantation of Gene Editing

作　　者：石经海[1] 林需需 SHING Jinghai(School of Law,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing,401120,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《医学与社会》2023年第8期98-103,109,共7页Medicine and Society

基　　金：最高人民法院司法研究重大项目,编号为ZGFYZDKT201819-05;司法部重点课题,编号为19SFB1005;中国法学会部级法学研究课题,编号为CLS(2022)D11。

摘　　要：非法植入基因编辑罪中“情节严重”的司法认定是本罪的关键,能反映违法程度提升的主观与客观要素。主观不法要素主要指编辑目的,客观不法要素包括行为不法与结果不法,行为不法要考虑编辑阶段、脱靶与嵌合体风险大小、可遗传性等,结果不法指可能造成的损害后果。因此,异种基因编辑胚胎互植行为、造成被编辑胚胎及其所发育婴儿重伤或死亡的均属于“情节严重”。造成被编辑胚胎及其所发育婴儿轻伤害结果、脱靶或嵌合体风险大的同种植入行为,是否构成犯罪,需结合“利弊”“必要性”“可容许性”明确“情节严重”内涵与类型有助于合理规制非法植入基因编辑罪。The judicial determination of"seriousness circumstances"in the crime of illegal gene editing implantation is crucial,as it reflects both subjective and objective elements that elevate the degree of illegality.It is necessary to clarify that the"serious circumstances"in this crime refer to the subjective and objective elements reflecting the degree of unlawfulness.Subjective unlawfulness primarily pertains to the purpose of editing,while objective unlawfulness encompasses both the unlawful nature of the conduct and its consequences.The unlawful nature of the conduct includes considerations such as the stage of editing,the magnitude of off-target and chimeric risks,and heritability.The unlawfulness of the consequences refers to the potential harm or fatalities caused.Therefore,acts involving the cross-species implantation of gene-edited embryos that result in severe injuries or death to the edited embryos or resulting infants are unequivocally considered as"serious circumstances".Whether the same-species implantation resulting in minor injuries to the edited embryos or resulting in high off-target or chimeric risks constitutes a criminal offense requires a specific assessment based on considerations of"benefits""necessity"and"permissibility".Clarifying the connotation and types of"seriousness circumstances"helps to establish a reasonable regulation for the crime of illegal gene editing implantation.

关 键 词：基因编辑 司法认定 非法植入 情节严重 

分 类 号：R19-019[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]