狂热与宽和:斯塔尔夫人论自由在革命中的双重面向  

Fanaticism and The Spirit of Moderation:Madame de Stael on the Two Faces of Freedom in Revolution

作　　者：潘丹 张雅坤 Pan Dan;Zhang Yakun

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学历史学院 [2]北京外国语大学法语学院

出　　处：《国际社会科学杂志（中文版）》2023年第2期44-56,5,9,共15页International Social Science Journal（Chinese Edition）

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“法国革命中的中间派研究”(2021JJ006)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：法国革命致力于将启蒙理念付诸实践,建立以人民主权为基础的代议制共和国,以确保自由得以实现。斯塔尔夫人在捍卫革命正当性的同时,也剖析了激进革命中所盛行的狂热主义:这种极端的政治激情虽以自由为名,却是一种自我主义的世俗化激情,因其对抽象权利的执拗盲信与狂热推崇而急剧膨胀,导致法国陷入派别纷争与混乱动荡。斯塔尔夫人呼吁以宽和精神引导对自由的追寻,在政制妥协的尝试屡屡受挫后,转向文学创作,并在其小说《黛尔菲娜》中呈现出真正自由的个体,应能平衡自然天性与社会伦理,调动其意志力培育德性,淬炼理性,孕育清明宽和的自由精神。The French Revolution was committed to putting Enlightenment ideals into practice,establishing a representative republic based on popular sovereignty to ensure the realization of freedom.Defending the legitimacy of the revolution,Madame de Stael also dissected the prevailing fanaticism in radical revolution:this extreme political passion,though claimed in the name of liberty,was actually a secularized passion of egoism.The stubborn blind faith and fervent admiration for abstract rights led to a rapid inflation of fanaticism,leading France into factional strife and chaotic turmoil.Madame de Stael called for the pursuit of freedom to be guided by a spirit of moderation.After repeated failures in attempts at political compromise,she turned to explore the possibilities of moderation in literary creation,presenting in her novel"Delphine"individual who embody true freedom.This individual should be able to balance his natural inclinations with social ethics,cultivate virtue with motivated willpower,refine reason,and nurture a spirit of enlightened moderation,which is the essence of freedom.

关 键 词：自我主义 政治激情 社会伦理 精神引导 意志力 代议制 自然天性 论自由 

分 类 号：D756.5[政治法律—政治学]