致命的友谊:雅各宾派的友谊政治  

Fatal Friendships:The Politics of Jacobin Friendship

作　　者：玛丽莎·林顿 李一方(译) Marisa Linton

机构地区：[1]英国金斯顿大学学术委员会 [2]浙江大学历史学院

出　　处：《国际社会科学杂志（中文版）》2023年第2期57-69,5,6,9,共16页International Social Science Journal（Chinese Edition）

摘　　要：本文探讨友谊在公共政治领域的作用。友谊在雅各宾派的政治实践中发挥了重要作用。雅各宾派将友谊理想化为一种自然美德,但拒绝将其视为庇护、腐败和任人唯亲等古代政权政治风格的象征。将行政职位交给私人朋友的革命政治家冒着违反政治美德意识形态的风险,即不应该对特定公民给予优待。随着政治局势的日益紧张,友谊变得愈发可疑,充满派系斗争甚至阴谋的味道。本文探讨了在这种政治生活中,由友谊造成的不安和模糊如何影响了雅各宾俱乐部中的两个派别:吉伦特派和罗伯斯庇尔派。Instead of regarding friendship as confined to the private sphere,this article explores its role in the public sphere of politics.Friendship was an intensely problematic term for the Jacobins,but it played a notable part in their political practice.This article argues that the Jacobins idealized friendship as a form of natural virtue yet simultaneously rejected it as symptomatic of an ancient regime style of politics as patronage,corruption,and cronyism.Revolutionary politicians who gave administrative posts to personal friends risked contravening the ideology of political virtue,whereby there should be no special favors toward particular citizens.As the political situation grew increasingly tense,friendship became increasingly suspect-and could be seenas redolent of factionalism andeven conspiracy.The article explores how this uneasiness and ambiguity about friendship in political life impacted on two factions in the JacobinClub:theCGirondinssand the Robespierrists.

关 键 词：罗伯斯庇尔 雅各宾派 任人唯亲 派系斗争 俱乐部 政治局势 公共政治领域 友谊 

分 类 号：D756.5[政治法律—政治学]