法国革命与农业社会经济问题  

The French Revolution and the Socioeconomic Problems of Agriculture

作　　者：贝尔纳·博迪尼耶 张弛(译) Bernard Bodinier

机构地区：[1]不详

出　　处：《国际社会科学杂志（中文版）》2023年第2期138-156,7,11,共21页International Social Science Journal（Chinese Edition）

基　　金：“中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金”资助项目(2023300105);国家社科基金重大项目“法兰西共和国殖民扩张史料整理与研究”(21&ZD248)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：18世纪末,获得土地、用益权1以及公共土地问题日益突出,除了领主制度带来的影响外,还受以下因素的影响:封建制度与特权、税负日益加重、物价上涨、物资供给困难。此外,人口增加导致了劳动力过剩。因此,某些地区的土地相对匮乏。要言之,18世纪80年代的形势很紧张。In 1789,85%of the French population lived off the land,directly or indirectly.Land ownership was a sensitive issue,and all the more so since it served as a basis for a number of rights,especially seigniorial rights.Once landownership had been made free on the night of August 4,the sale of Church and Crown properties(biens nationaux of first origin)and later of properties belonging to Emigres(biens nationaux of second origin)could satisfy the hunger for land on the part of the peasantry.Still,was this really a conscious goal on the partof revolutionary assemblies more preoccupied with budgetary issues than with agrarian reform?With 10%of the land offered at auction,the consequences on the landowning structure were far-reaching.Who benefited from these sales:the bourgeoisie,or the peasantry?Was the sale of the national estates a State-sanctioned boondoggle,guaranteeing their windfall to speculators?To what extent did it generate pro-revolutionary loyalties among the buyers?What was the impact of these land auctions on the standard market?

关 键 词：劳动力过剩 物资供给 物价上涨 用益权 税负 社会经济问题 公共土地 封建制度 

分 类 号：F356.5[经济管理—产业经济]