高速高精度切削加工中数控机床动态特性的测量方法研究  

Research on Measuring Method of NC Machine Tool Dynamic Characteristics in High Speed and High Precision Cutting

作　　者：蔡杨 CAI Yang(Zhejiang Yongcheng Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Shaoxing Zhejiang311835,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江永成机械有限公司,浙江绍兴311835

出　　处：《机电产品开发与创新》2023年第4期166-168,188,共4页Development & Innovation of Machinery & Electrical Products

摘　　要：为了解决数控机床在进行高速高精度切削加工时对于动态特性测量精准时不足的问题,提出了基于快速扫频正弦切削的数控机床动态特性测量方法。该方法的本质是将加工时的切削力作为激振力,并进行试验模态的分析,主要保证进给量恒定的情况下,对圆柱形工件进行正弦轮廓的切削,并且不断提高主轴的转速,实现将切削力转化为CNC车床频率响应函数的激励输入。经试验结果表明,对比常规的冲击测试,该方法测试获得的共振峰值中柔度下降了约6.7%、频率下降了约16.7%,同时该方式可以直观地识别出非线性影响,可助力于实现对高速高精度切削加工中数控机床动态特性的精准测量。In order to solve the problem of accurate measurement of dynamic characteristics of CNC machine tools in high speed and high precision cutting,a dynamic characteristics measurement method of CNC machine tools based on fast frequency sweep sine cutting was proposed.The essence of this method is to take the cutting force as the exciting force during machining,and carry on the analysis of the test mode,the main guarantee of constant feed,the cylindrical workpiece for sinusoidal profile cutting,and constantly improve the spindle speed,to achieve the cutting force into CNC lathe frequency response function of the excitation input.The experimental results show that,compared with the conventional impact test,the compliance and frequency of the resonant peak obtained by this method are reduced by about 6.7%and 16.7%.At the same time,the nonlinear influence can be intuitively identified by this method,which can help to realize the accurate measurement of the dynamic characteristics of CNC machine tools in high-speed and high-precision cutting.

关 键 词：数控机床 动态特性 非线性影响 正弦切削 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]