不同地膜类型与灌溉量对棉花光合参数和产量、品质的影响  

Effect of mulch types and irrigation amounts on photosynthetic parameters,yield and quality of cotton

作　　者：田玉刚 万素梅[1] 林皎 陈国栋[1] 李浩 胡宇凯 李燕芳 胡守林[1] 毛廷勇 赵书珍[1] TIAN Yugang;WAN Sumei;LIN Jiao;CHEN Guodong;LI Hao;HU Yukai;LI Yanfang;HU Shoulin;MAO Tingyong;ZHAO Shuzhen(College of Agronomy,Tarim University,Alar 843300,Xinjiang,China;College of Life Sciences and Technology,Tarim University,Alar 843300,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学农学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]塔里木大学生命科学与技术学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2023年第7期1523-1531,共9页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFD1001000);塔里木大学校长基金(TDZKJS202001)。

摘　　要：采用双因素随机区组试验,探索不同地膜类型(普通地膜、生物降解地膜、液体地膜)与灌溉量(6000、4500、3000 m^(3)·hm^(-2))对棉花光合参数、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:在0~25 cm土层,与不覆膜相比,普通地膜和生物降解地膜均可显著(P<0.05)提高土壤温度。不同类型地膜下,均以6000 m^(3)·hm^(-2)灌溉水平下棉花产量、品质与叶片光合能力的表现较好。与不覆膜的处理相比,生物降解地膜和普通地膜处理的棉花单株产量分别显著提高19.97%和21.15%。综合叶片光合性能、棉花产量与品质判断,生物降解地膜与普通地膜相比并无显著不利影响,可用于替代普通地膜以减少棉花生产中的白色污染。相关分析和灰色关联度分析结果表明,叶片的SPAD值、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、净光合速率与马克隆值、纤维长度、单株产量呈显著正相关;SPAD值与马克隆值、成熟度、衣分率,蒸腾速率与单株产量,气孔导度与纤维长度、整齐度指数的灰色关联度最高;净光合速率与马克隆值、整齐度指数、单株产量的灰色关联度较高。可考虑将SPAD值、蒸腾速度、气孔导度、净光合速率这4个指标作为评价地膜类型与灌溉量对棉花产量和品质影响的重要筛选指标。In order to explore the effects of different mulch types(normal mulch,biodegradable mulch,liquid mulch)and different irrigation amounts(6000,4500,3000 m^(3)·hm^(-2))on photosynthetic parameters,yield and quality of cotton,a two-factor experiment with randomized block design was carried out.It was shown that the average soil temperature in 0-25 cm layer was significantly(P<0.05)increased with normal mulch and biodegradable mulch,as compared with the treatment without mulch.The photosynthetic capacity,yield and quality of cotton was relatively better with the irrigation amout of 6000 m^(3)·hm^(-2)under all much types.Compared with the treatment without mulch,the cotton yield was significanlty increased by 19.97%and 21.15%with biodegreadable much and normal mulch,respectively.Given the photosynthetic capacity,yield and quality of cotton,the biodegradable mulch showed no signifiant adverse effect compared with the normal mulch.Therefore,the biodegradable mulch was feasible to replace the normal mulch to reduce the white pollution in cotton production.Correaltion analysis and gray correlation analysis results revealed that the SPAD value,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,net photosynthetic rate were signifiantly positively correlated with the micronaire,fiber length,uniformity index and yield per plant.SPAD value showed the highest gray correlation with micronaire,maturity,lint percentage.Tranpiration rate showed the highest gary correaltion with yield per plant.Stomatal conductance showed the highest gary correaltion with fiber length and uniformity index.Net photosynthetic rate showed relatively higher gray correlation with micronaire,uniformity index and yield per plant.Thus,these four indexes(SPAD value,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,net photosynthetic rate)could be further used as important indicators to evaluate the effect of mulch type and irrigation amount on cotton yield and quality.

关 键 词：生物降解地膜 灌溉量 光合生理参数 纤维品质 灰色关联度 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]