媒体话语下纪念性恐惧景观神圣性地理想象建构过程研究——以侵华日军南京大屠杀遇难同胞纪念馆为例  

The Process of Constructing the Geographical Imagination of the Sacredness of Memorial Landscape of Fear under the Media Discourse:A Case Study of the Memorial Hall of the Victims of the Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders

作　　者：郑春晖 王祎 钱莉莉 Zheng Chunhui;Wang Yi;Qian Lili(School of Management(School of Tourism/Sino-French School of Tourism),Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China;School of Business Administration,Hubei Open University,Wuhan 430074,China;International School of Cultural Tourism,Hangzhou City University,Hangzhou 310015,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学管理学院(旅游学院/中法旅游学院),广州510006 [2]湖北开放大学工商管理学院,武汉430074 [3]浙大城市学院国际文化旅游学院,杭州310015

出　　处：《热带地理》2023年第8期1563-1574,共12页Tropical Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“数字时代虚拟—现实空间旅游行为的交互研究:过程、机理与效应”(42271250);国家自然科学基金青年项目“汶川地震家园重建和黑色旅游发展背景下居民地方感变化过程与影响机制研究”(41901175);国家自然科学基金青年项目“纪念性恐惧景观负面地理想象的形成机理与空间效应研究”(41801135)。

摘　　要：纪念性恐惧景观是人类珍贵的记忆遗产,但因灾难事件存在非亲历性和时空距离感,公众可能会对其产生负面的地理想象,纪念性恐惧景观的社会意义不断陷入困境,如何建构纪念性恐惧景观的神圣性成为重要的研究问题。以侵华日军南京大屠杀遇难同胞纪念馆为案例地,运用扎根理论探讨了媒体话语下纪念性恐惧景观神圣性地理想象的建构过程与机理。研究发现:1)网络媒体将南京大屠杀记忆扩展至更宽广的时空语境之中,叙述重点呈现由宏观历史向微观生命意义演变的趋势。2)国家及媒体通过命名规范、法律尊崇、象征物建构、仪式互动等方式,自上而下地将纪念馆建构为一个神圣的和平纪念地与新时代国家形象的传播地。3)在侵华日军南京大屠杀遇难同胞纪念馆神圣性建构的过程中,纪念仪式扮演着联结主体、记忆与空间的重要角色。公众通过参与纪念仪式将自身与记忆场域和集体身份相连接,产生强烈的使命感与意义感。The memorial landscape of fear is a precious heritage of human memory.However,the sense of spatiotemporal distance and non-experience of disastrous events may cause a negative geographical imagination of the commemorative landscape of the site,making its social meaning face a forgotten predicament continually.By applying the grounded theory,this research aims to explore the process and mechanism of constructing a geographical imagination of the sacredness of memorial landscapes of fear under media discourse.Taking the Memorial Hall of the Victims of the Nanjing Massacre as a case study,the results indicate that:(1)online media have expanded the memory of the Nanjing Massacre into a broader spatial and temporal context.In space,the memory of the Nanjing Massacre gradually rises from place memory to the national memory,and eventually to global memory.In time,the memory of the Nanjing Massacre has evolved from a"national shame"in the framework of contemporary historical narratives to a textbook of suffering in the history of human development.In addition,while the media narrated the macroscopic memories of the Nanjing Massacre,they focused on the awakening and transmission of individual memories at the microscopic level,evolving from narrating macroscopic history to interpreting the meaning of microscopic life.(2)Through naming norms,legal exaltation,symbolic construction,and ritual interaction,the state and the media have constructed the Nanjing Memorial Hall entirely as a sacred memorial site for peace and a communication position for the national image in the new era,achieving the transformation from a landscape of fear that triggers negative geographical imagination to a secular sacred space.(3)The memorial ceremony played a significant role in linking subject,memory,and space in the process of constructing the sacredness of the Nanjing Memorial Hall.By participating in memorial rituals,the public connects themselves to memory and collective identity,generating a strong sense of mission and meaning.The contribut

关 键 词：恐惧景观 南京大屠杀事件 地理想象 纪念仪式 神圣空间 集体记忆 侵华日军南京大屠杀遇难同胞纪念馆 

分 类 号：K901[历史地理—人文地理学]