夹竹桃鲜叶黄酮对水稻纹枯病菌抑菌效应  

Antibacterial Effects of Flavonoids from Fresh Leaves of Nerium oleander L.on Rhizoctonia solani

作　　者：张叶 张国良 黄志炜 邓江霞 李边豪 ZHANG Ye;ZHANG Guoliang;HUANG Zhiwei;DENG Jiangxia;LI Bianhao(College of Life Science and Food Engineering,Huaiyin Institute of Technology,Huai′an 223003,China)

机构地区：[1]淮阴工学院生命科学与食品工程学院,江苏淮安223003

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2023年第8期44-50,共7页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：全国农业重大技术协同推广计划项目(2021-ZYXT-02-1);江苏现代农业重点计划项目(BE2021323);江苏省自然科学基金面上项目(BK2012667,BK2008193);江苏省第六期“333工程”重点行业领域人才项目。

摘　　要：为研究夹竹桃鲜叶黄酮对水稻纹枯病菌的抑菌活性及对水稻纹枯病细胞壁与细胞膜作用机制,用不同浓度的夹竹桃鲜叶黄酮处理水稻纹枯病菌,研究其对水稻纹枯病菌菌丝体的影响。结果表明,夹竹桃鲜叶黄酮对水稻纹枯病菌的最小抑菌浓度为4 g·L^(-1)。扫描电镜结果发现,未经处理菌丝粗细均匀,菌丝表面光滑饱满,伸展良好;夹竹桃鲜叶黄酮处理后菌丝严重受损,褶皱明显,内凹孔加深,细胞破裂等现象,夹竹桃鲜叶黄酮可显著诱导几丁质酶和β-1,3葡聚糖酶的活性。夹竹桃鲜叶黄酮对水稻纹枯病菌细胞膜通透性有显著影响,细胞内容物大量外泄,提高致病菌细胞膜渗透性,抑制膜的结构物质麦角固醇的合成,且作用时间越长破坏性越强。综上所述,影响其正常生理功能,为有效防止水稻纹枯病提供新思路。In order to study the antibacterial activity of oleander fresh leaves flavonoids on rice blight and the mechanism of action on the cell wall and cell membrane of rice blight,different concentrations of oleander fresh leaves flavonoids were used to treat rice blight fungus to study their effects on the mycelium of rice blight bacteria.The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration of oleander fresh leaves flavonoids against blight blight was 4 g·L^(-1).The scanning electron microscopy results showed that the thickness of the untreated hyphae′s thickness was uniform,the surface of the hyphae was smooth and full,and the stretch was good.After the treatment of oleander fresh leaves flavonoids,the hyphae were seriously damaged,the folds were obvious,the inner concave holes were deepened,the cells were ruptured.The activities of chitinase andβ-1,3 glucan enzyme were significantly induced.Flavonoids from fresh leaves of Nerium significantly affect the permeability of cell membrane of Rhizoctonia solani,and a large amount of cell contents were released,which improved the permeability of the cell membrane of pathogenic bacteria and inhibited the synthesis of ergosterol,the structural substance of the membrane,and the longer the action time,the more destructive it was.In summary,it affects its normal physiological function and provides new ideas for effectively preventing rice sheath blight.

关 键 词：夹竹桃鲜叶黄酮 水稻纹枯病 最小抑菌浓度 抑菌机制 

分 类 号：S435.111.42[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]