汉麻纤维特点及其脱胶进展  

Hemp fiber features and degumming progress

作　　者：马菁霞 孟超然 傅佳佳 沈根 MA Jingxia;MENG Chaoran;FU Jiajia;SHEN Gen(College of Textile Science and Engineering,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China)

机构地区：[1]江南大学纺织科学与工程学院,江苏无锡214122

出　　处：《丝绸》2023年第8期73-81,共9页Journal of Silk

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31470509);江苏省青年科学基金项目(BK20190609);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(JUSRP122006);江南大学大学生创新训练计划项目(2022049Z);纺织行业天然染料重点实验室开放基金资助项目(SDHY2122)。

摘　　要：汉麻纤维是天然纤维的一种,其织物具有清凉透气、抗紫外线、消除静电、天然抑菌及吸音消波等优良性能,被广泛用于医疗、军事及民用纺织领域。文章分析了汉麻纤维的形态结构和化学成分,总结了化学脱胶、生物脱胶、物理脱胶及联合脱胶方法制备汉麻纤维的优缺点,并提出采用新型氧化脱胶、有机溶剂脱胶与联合脱胶法可以在保证纤维质量的同时减轻环境污染。研究认为,汉麻脱胶技术应当在低能耗、高效率及绿色环保的方向上开展深入研究;以物理脱胶为辅,结合生物酶处理,并减少化学试剂的用量。Hemp is usually divided into“drug hemp”and“industrial hemp”.Industrial hemp contains less than 0.3%tetrahydrocannabinol(THC)and is mainly used in the textile sector.Hemp is a kind of natural bast fiber,whose fineness is similar to that of cotton fibers.It is a kind of fine fiber among common fibers.Hemp fabrics have a slender middle cavity inside,and many holes and gaps are distributed longitudinately,making hemp fabrics soft and comfortable to wear.Hemp fibers consist of cellulose and other non-cellulose colloids such as hemicellulose,lignin,pectin and wax,which must be removed by degumming to meet textile standards.Compared with other hemp,lignin content in hemp fibers is higher,and lignin has higher stability to acid,alkali,hydrogen peroxide and other oxidants,which increases the difficulty of degumming hemp.The existing degumming techniques mainly include biological,physical and chemical methods.The biological degumming process is simple and easy to operate,and environmental friendly,with low energy consumption;the effect on fibers is mild and does not cause excessive damage.But in the actual production,the strains that can produce specific enzymes are few,the enzyme activity and enzyme yield are low,and the production cost is high;the degumming process is difficult to control,degumming effect is not ideal,and the product quality is unstable,so in industrial production,it is necessary to be combined with other degumming methods to meet the quality requirements.Physical degumming is the use of mechanical force to separate and remove part of the gum on the fiber,including the mechanical method,the ultrasonic method,the steam explosion method and the low temperature plasma method.This kind of method is simple to operate and does not pollute the environment,but the degumming effect is poor,so it is often used as an auxiliary degumming means in actual production.A breakthrough has been made in the research on the chemical degumming method of hemp fibers.Researchers have simplified the degumming process of

关 键 词：汉麻 纤维 脱胶方法 联合脱胶 绿色脱胶 

分 类 号：TS123[轻工技术与工程—纺织材料与纺织品设计] TS124.2[轻工技术与工程—纺织科学与工程]