“明显不当”情形认定中的“相关因素”标准  

The Standard of“Relevant Factors”in the Determination of“Obviously Improper”Situation

作　　者：戴加佳 张引弟 DAI Jia-jia;ZHANG Yin-di(School of Law,Taiyuan University of Science and Technology,Taiyuan Shanxi,223600)

机构地区：[1]太原科技大学法学院,山西太原223600

出　　处：《山西大同大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期21-24,共4页Journal of Shanxi Datong University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：山西省高等学校哲学社会科学研究项目“国土空间规划的行政法治研究”(2021W085);太原科技大学科研启动基金项目“公法视野下的自律性组织”(W20202006)。

摘　　要：《行政诉讼法》第70条新增“明显不当”作为行政行为的违法情形,“相关因素”标准则是认定“明显不当”情形的标准之一。相关既有研究粗疏列举多种标准,缺乏对“相关因素”标准的精细化研究。“相关因素”标准在结构分为法定因素与法外因素,法定因素又可分为“应当”考虑的法定因素与“可以”考虑的法定因素,法外因素是与行政行为具有逻辑相关性的其他因素。在不同种类因素的考量上,行政机关具有程度不一的裁量空间,受到不同强度的司法审查。法院以法定因素与法外因素为支点,运用“相关因素”标准审查行政行为的合法性,所有收效,但对于以“综合”方式考虑相关因素权重的行政裁量,难以作出有效的司法审查,或可在分析法定因素与法外因素区别的基础上,作出一定的尝试。The new“obvious improper”in Article 70 of the administrative litigation law is regarded as the illegal situation of agency action,and the standard of“relevant factors”is one of the criteria for identifying the“obvious improper”situation.The relevant existing research is extensive and lists many standards,and lacks the refinement research on the“related factors”standards.The standard of related factors can be divided into legal factors and extrajudicial factors in structure,and legal factors can be divided into legal factors to be considered and legal factors that can be considered.Extrajudicial factors are other factors which have logical relevance with agency actions.In the consideration of different factors,the agencies have different discretion space and are subject to different judicial review.The court takes legal factors and extrajudicial factors as the fulcrum,and uses the“related factors”standard to review the legitimacy of agency actinons,which has all effect.However,it is difficult to make effective judicial review for the administrative discretion which considers the weight of relevant factors in a comprehensive way,or can make some attempts on the basis of analyzing the difference between legal factors and extrajudicial factors.

关 键 词：明显不当 相关因素 法定因素 法外因素 行政裁量 

分 类 号：D61[政治法律—政治学]