中国女性的“幸福悖论”——时间分配视角下家庭工作平衡对女性幸福感的影响研究  

The Paradox of Female Happiness in China-The Impact of Work⁃Family Time Balance on Female Happiness

作　　者：盖嘉 郑晓莹 涂艳苹[1] 林荫 徐菁[1] Phyliss Jia Gai;Xiaoying Zheng;Yanping Tu;Yin Lin;Jing Xu(Guanghua School of Management,Peking University;Business School,Sun Yat-Sen University;School of Economics and Management,Communication University of China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学光华管理学院 [2]中山大学商学院 [3]中国传媒大学经济与管理学院

出　　处：《经济管理学刊》2023年第2期27-50,共24页Quarterly Journal of Economics and Management

摘　　要：当代中国女性不仅承担着照顾家庭的责任,也在追求个人事业的发展。家庭工作两不误成为当代女性的理想典范,也是许多中国女性渴望实现的目标。然而,兼顾家庭和工作究竟给女性带来了双重收获,还是双重负担?本文基于时间分配视角,结合一项情境实验和两项全国性的二手数据,揭示了中国女性所面临的“幸福悖论”:在社会认知上,人们普遍相信家庭工作平衡理应促进女性幸福感,女性自身也持此认知;但从女性的实际体验来看,女性在时间分配决策上采取平衡策略反而会降低其幸福感。本文研究发现为更好地理解当代中国女性所面临的困局,以及尝试为解决上述困局、提高女性幸福感提供了有益参考。Today's Chinese women are expected to work and contribute to society,just like men,while simultancously taking on most family responsibilities at home.The dominant belief is that only when women excel both at work and home,can they be deemed successful and content.This set 0 expectations not only represents social ideals for women but also serves as a personal life goal for many.Nonetheless,it is not clear whether work-family balance truly makes women happy and fufilled.The happiness of women holds significant implications not only for the stability and harmony of individual families but also for the sustainable devclopment of society as a whole.The current research focuses on female time allocation and investigate how the distribution of time between work and family impacts female happiness.From an observer's perspective,it scems that women who prioritize either family or work often find themselves at a disadvantage in both aspects:full-time homemakers feel less powerful at home,whereas work-oriented women may lack the support and warmth provided by their loved ones.Consequently,achieving work-family balance becomes an ideal state that promises women a heightened sense of well.being,perceived as a“double sucess”.Nevertheless,when viewed from the actor's standpoint,balancing work-family time allocation exposes women to role conflicts and decision making difficulties.For instance,work demands often disrupt family obligations and encroach upon precious family time.Moreover,women who strive for balance may perceive themselves as flling short in both domains when compared to those who prioritize their family or work and,as a result,feel unaccomplished.Hence,while the public tends to view balanced women as happier than family-oriented or work-oriented women,women who are actually balancing time allocation may not share the same sentiment and,paradoxically,view work-family balance as a"double stressor"in their life.In line with this paradox,psychological research has documented that pcople may"miswant"things that t

关 键 词：女性幸福感 家庭工作平衡 时间分配 社会认知 实际体验 

分 类 号：C915[经济管理] C93[社会学] C92