基于FDS软件的故宫博物院养心殿后殿火灾数值模拟研究  

Research on Numerical Simulation of Fire in the Back Hall of Yangxin Hall of the Palace Museum Based on FDS

作　　者：刘瑾洲 都海江 王波 李月 LIU Jinzhou;DU Haijiang;WANG Bo;LI Yue(Palace Museum,Beijing 100009,China)

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院,北京100009

出　　处：《工业建筑》2023年第6期171-180,共10页Industrial Construction

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1522800)。

摘　　要：为对养心殿后殿(下称“后殿”)消防工作提供数据支撑,为国内木结构古建筑消防安全管理工作提供有益指导,对后殿固定火灾荷载进行统计,利用FDS软件模拟分析其在不同致灾因素时的热释放速率、火灾蔓延、温度、能见度、烟气和有毒有害气体浓度等参数变化。结果表明,后殿固定火灾荷载值为11096.85 MJ·m^(-2);其在火灾场景下发生轰燃时间短,过程中会发生二次轰燃,屋顶部位受火灾威胁最大,火场内温度和有毒有害气体浓度均超过人体安全承受范围,可移动文物疏散受烟气和能见度影响较大以及窗户启闭状态对火灾发展有较大影响。结合研究结果,从实际出发对后殿消防安全管理工作提出对策和建议。In order to provide data support for the fire protection work of the Back Hall of Yangxin Hall(hereinafter referred to as the Back Hall),and provide useful guidance for the fire safety management of ancient wooden structures in China,the fixed fire load value of the Back Hall was counted,and the FDS software was used to simulate and analyze the changes of heat release rate,fire spread,temperature,visibility,smoke and toxic and harmful gas concentration under different disaster causing factors.The results showed that the fixed fire load value of the Back Hall was 11 096.85 MJ·m~(-2).The flashover time in the fire scenario was short,and secondary flashover would occur in the process.The roof was the most threatened by the fire.The temperature and toxic and harmful gas concentration in the fire site exceeded the safe bearing range of the human body.The evacuation of movable cultural relics was greatly affected by smoke and visibility,and the opening and closing status of windows had a great impact on the development of the fire.Based on the research results,the paper put forward countermeasures and suggestions for the fire safety management of the Back Hall.

关 键 词：古建筑 养心殿 火灾数值模拟 FDS 消防安全管理 

分 类 号：TU998.1[建筑科学—市政工程]