宁夏黄土丘陵沟壑区产流产沙特征及其影响因素量化  

Characteristics of Runoff and Sediment Yield in the Loess Hilly and Gully Region of Ningxia,China and Quantification of Their Influencing Factors

作　　者：范德政 梅雪梅 张晓明[5] 李鹏[6] 张国军 赵阳[5] 任正龑 FAN De-zheng;MEI Xue-mei;ZHANG Xiao-ming;LI Peng;ZHANG Guo-jun;ZHAO Yang;REN Zheng-yan(Geothermal and Ecological Geology Research Center,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,Henan,China;School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,Henan,China;Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Synergetic Control of Environmental Pollution and Carbon Emissions of Henan Province,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,Henan,China;School of Ecology and Environment,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,Henan,China;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China,Xi an University of Technology,Xi an 710048,Shaanxi,China;Ningxia Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Station,Yichuan 750002,Ningxia,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学地热与生态地质研究中心,河南郑州450001 [2]郑州大学水利与土木工程学院,河南郑州450001 [3]郑州大学河南省减污降碳协同工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450001 [4]郑州大学生态与环境学院,河南郑州450001 [5]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [6]西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,陕西西安710048 [7]宁夏回族自治区水土保持监测总站,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《地球科学与环境学报》2023年第4期833-843,共11页Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32201627);宁夏回族自治区水利科技项目(SBZZ-J-2021-13,SBZZ-J-2021-12);郑州大学院士团队科研启动基金项目(134-32340370);中国水利水电科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金项目(SE0145B022022)。

摘　　要：土壤侵蚀是造成土地退化最严重的生态环境问题之一,而水土保持措施是防治土壤侵蚀的重要举措。目前,量化水土保持措施、降雨特征和坡度对黄土丘陵沟壑区径流量和泥沙量的直接和间接影响仍具有挑战性。在调查2015~2019年宁夏黄土丘陵沟壑区犁尖沟小流域19个径流小区25次典型侵蚀性降雨事件中的径流量和泥沙量基础上,利用结构方程模型分析降雨特征、水土保持措施和坡度对径流和土壤流失的直接和间接作用,同时采用冗余分析方法定量化各影响因素对减流效益和减沙效益的贡献率。结果表明:①20°坡度减流效益最好,陡坡则具有更好的减沙效益;不同水土保持措施中,人工灌木林地的减流效益和减沙效益较高。②降雨特征、水土保持措施和坡度对径流和泥沙没有间接影响,最大30 min雨强对径流和泥沙的直接影响最大,直接路径系数分别为0.77和0.46。③降雨特征是影响径流、泥沙和减流效益的主导因素;与降雨特征相比,水土保持措施和坡度是控制减沙效益的主要因素。④全球变暖引起的极端侵蚀性降雨事件导致径流和土壤流失加剧;水土保持措施对于防止径流和土壤流失是非常必要的;在陡坡上,实施以灌木为主的植被组合有望实现更大的减流效益和减沙效益。Soil erosion is the most serious ecological and environmental problem causing land degradation and water resources pollution,which is controlled by soil and water conservation measure(SWCM).At present,it is still challenging to quantify the direct and indirect impacts of SWCM,rainfall characteristics and slope on runoff and sediment yield in loess hilly and gully region.The runoff and sediment yield of 19 runoff plots and 25 typical erosive rainfall events in Lijiangou small watershed in the loess hilly and gully region of Ningxia were investigated from 2015 to 2019.The structural equation model(SEM)was used to analyze the direct and indirect effects of rainfall characteristics,SWCM and slope on runoff and soil loss.The redundancy analysis(RDA)method was used to quantify the contribution rate of each influencing factors to the runoff reduction benefit(RRB)and sediment reduction benefit(SRB).The results show that①the 20°slope has the best RRB,and the steep slope has better SRB;in different SWCMs,RRB and SRB of artificial shrubland are higher.②Rainfall characteristics,SWCM and slope have no indirect impact on runoff and sediment,while 30 min maximum rainfall intensity has the largest direct impact on runoff and sediment,with direct path coefficients of 0.77 and 0.46,respectively.③Rainfall characteristics are the dominant factor affecting runoff,sediment and RRB;compared with rainfall characteristics,SWCM and slope are the main factors controlling SRB.④Runoff and soil loss will increase due to extreme erosive precipitation events caused by global warming;SWCM is very necessary to prevent runoff and soil loss;on steep slopes,the vegetation combination mainly with shrub is expected to achieve greater benefits of runoff and sediment reduction.

关 键 词：产流产沙 减流效益 减沙效益 水土保持 结构方程模型 宁夏 黄土高原 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]