基于水、碳足迹的绿洲小麦生产环境影响特征及其脱钩关系——以新疆叶尔羌河流域莎车灌区为例  

Characteristics of Environmental Impact for Wheat Production and Their Decoupling Relationship in Oasis Irrigation Area Based on Water and Carbon Footprints—Taking Shache Irrigation District in Yarkant River Basin of Xinjiang,China as an Example

作　　者：刘鑫钰 王弋 贺斌 罗平平 曹成琳 LIU Xin-yu;WANG Yi;HE Bin;LUO Ping-ping;CAO Cheng-lin(School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China;Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510650,Guangdong,China;School of Water and Environment,Chang an University,Xi an 710054,Shaanxi,China;Xi an Monitoring,Modelling and Early Warning of Watershed Spatial Hydrology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base,Chang an University,Xi an 710054,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学水利与水电工程学院,北京102206 [2]广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所,广东广州510650 [3]长安大学水利与环境学院,陕西西安710054 [4]长安大学西安市流域空间水文的模拟监测与预警国际合作基地,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《地球科学与环境学报》2023年第4期869-880,共12页Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42177065);广东省科学院建设国内一流研究机构行动专项资金项目(2020GDASYL-20200102013);广东省科技计划项目(2020B1111530001,2019QN01L682,2019B121201004)。

摘　　要：农业是水资源消耗和温室气体排放的重要贡献部门,农作物的不合理种植会对生态环境造成影响,并威胁粮食安全。以新疆叶尔羌河流域莎车灌区为研究区,考察了1990~2020年典型粮食作物小麦的生产情况;基于水、碳足迹理论,综合评价了小麦生产过程中的水资源消耗和温室气体排放特征,并对二者的主要影响因素进行了相关性分析;同时,通过构建弹性脱钩模型,探讨了小麦生产与环境影响变化之间的动态关系,揭示了小麦生产中存在的环境问题。结果表明:1990~2020年,莎车灌区小麦生产中水、碳足迹均整体表现为波动上升状态,在2008年前后转入显著上升态势(P<0.05);蓝水足迹在水足迹中的多年平均占比最大(65%),农资投入造成的碳足迹和农田NO 2排放引起的碳足迹多年平均占比相当,但前者占比逐年增大;政策和粮食需求驱动下的农业生产投入是影响小麦生产水、碳足迹变化的主要因素,其中水、碳足迹增长与氮肥施用增多、种植面积扩大显著相关;灌溉用电量虽然有控制水足迹增长的作用,但导致碳足迹增长;小麦产量与水、碳足迹的脱钩结果说明小麦生产存在造成高资源消耗和高环境成本的风险,绿色发展面临挑战。因此,为了实现区域小麦生产的可持续发展,应提高资源利用效率以及优化生产管理方式,以缓解小麦生产造成的环境胁迫。Agriculture sector is an important contributor of global water consumption and greenhouse gas emissions,unreasonable crop cultivation system play negative impact on the ecosystem and food security.The wheat production development of Shache irrigation district in Yarkant river basin,Xinjiang from 1990 to 2020 was examined;the characteristics of water consumption and greenhouse gas emissions associated with wheat production were evaluated in terms of water and carbon footprints,and their influencing factors were investigated by correlation analysis method;furthermore,the dynamic relationship between wheat production and environmental impact were explored by means of Tapio decoupling model,so that the potential environmental risk during the wheat production was revealed.The results show that water and carbon footprints of wheat production in Shache irrigation district fluctuate and increase from 1990 to 2020,both of them turn into significant upward trends around 2008(P<0.05);blue water footprint,which means irrigation water consuming,accounts for the largest proportion of water footprint(65%);carbon footprints caused by agricultural inputs and farmland NO 2 emissions have the same multi-year average amount,but the former has grown over time;the main factors affecting the changes of water and carbon footprints are agricultural production inputs driven by policies and development demands;among them,the expansion of wheat planting area is significantly related to increase water and carbon footprints,and nitrogen fertilizer application is a major contributor for increasing grey water footprint and carbon footprint;although electricity for irrigation can control the growth of water footprint,but leads to the growth of carbon footprint;according to decoupling indexes between wheat yield and water and carbon footprints,the threat of high-resource consumption and high-environmental cost from wheat production still assignable,and green development faces challenges.Therefore,in order to realize the sustainable development of

关 键 词：水足迹 碳足迹 小麦生产 脱钩指数 影响因素 趋势分析 莎车灌区 新疆 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学] S271