温度对红肩瓢虫Harmonia dimidiate Fabricius生长发育的影响  

Effect of Ambient Temperature on Growth and Development of Harmonia dimidiata Fabricius

作　　者：孙莉[1] 陈霞[1] 郑涵靑 王智卿 方桂花 SUN Li;CHEN Xia;ZHENG Hanqing;WANG Zhiqing;FANG Guihua(Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management/Research Center of Engineering and Technology of Natural Enemy Resource of Crop Pest in Fujian/Institute of Plant Protection,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou,Fujian 350001,China;Seed Station of Quanzhou Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Quanzhou,Fujian 362000,China;Quanzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Quanzhou,Fujian 362000,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所/福建省农作物害虫天敌资源工程技术研究中心/福建省作物有害生物绿色防控工程研究中心,福建福州350001 [2]泉州市农业农村局种子站,福建泉州362000 [3]泉州市农业科学研究所,福建泉州362000

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2023年第6期732-738,共7页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1400800);福建省自然科学基金项目(2022J01456、2020J011355);福建省科技计划公益类专项(2020R1024001、2020R1024006);福建省农业科学院科技创新团队建设项目(CXTD2021016);福建省农业高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程项目(XTCXGC2021011);福建省农业科学院农业科技专项(YDXM2021002、ZYTS2021005);福建省农业科学院对外合作项目(DWHZ2022-19)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究温度对红肩瓢虫(Harmonia dimidiate Fabricius)生长发育的影响,探讨其大量扩繁及生防应用的适宜温度。【方法】以地中海粉螟(Ephestia kuehniella Zeller)卵为饲料,设置15、20、25、30和32℃等5个温度处理,研究温度对红肩瓢虫各阶段发育历期及存活率影响,采用最小二乘法测算红肩瓢虫各发育阶段的发育起点温度和有效积温,采用线性日度方程模拟温度与红肩瓢虫发育速率间的关系。【结果】20~30℃的温度范围适于红肩瓢虫卵的孵化,孵化率均达85%以上;发育至成虫的总存活率以20℃时最高,达87.50%,其次为25℃(82.50%)>30℃(77.50%)>32℃(45.00%)>15℃(35.00%),可见15℃低温和32℃高温均不适宜红肩瓢虫存活。15~32℃范围内,红肩瓢虫均可完成发育,温度升高发育速率加快、发育历期缩短,20~32℃区间内各处理间的总发育历期均无显著性差异,而15℃时极显著长于其他温度处理,说明15℃低温不适宜红肩瓢虫生长发育。红肩瓢虫各发育阶段中,2龄幼虫的发育起点温度最高,为12.74℃,蛹期最低,为9.24℃,从卵至成虫整个发育历期的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为9.87℃和324.82日·度。【结论】综合存活率与发育历期,以地中海粉螟卵为饲料,20~30℃为红肩瓢虫生长发育的适宜温度,本研究结果为红肩瓢虫的大量扩繁和生防应用条件提供了参考,发育起点温度和有效积温的测算也为红肩瓢虫的滞育研究提供了依据。【Objective】Effect of ambient temperature on the growth and development of Harmonia dimidiata Fabricius was studied to determine the condition to encourage the beetle reproduction for serving as a biocontrol agent in the field.【Method】H.dimidiata were fed on Ephestia kuehniella Zellerwere eggs and reared under a controlled temperature between 15℃and 32℃in a chamber to monitor the temperature effect on the development and survival of the predator.Threshold temperatures for developmental stages and effective accumulated temperature for growth were estimated by the least square method.Relationship between the chamber temperature and the beetle development was simulated with a linear diurnal equation.【Result】The optimal egg hatching of H.dimidiata with a greater than 85%hatchability took place between 20℃and 30℃.At 20℃,the rate of 87.5%for the beetles to reach adulthood was the highest.It was followed by 25℃(82.50%)>30℃(77.50%)>32℃(45.00%)>15℃(35.00%).Either low temperature of 15℃or high of 32℃inhibited the growth of the beetles,but within that range,the development could still be completed with the rate hastened and the time shortened by increasing the ambient temperature.There was no significant difference in the time for entire beetle development in between 20℃and 32℃.On the other hand,the duration was extremely significantly prolonged at 15℃as considerable hindrance was imposed on the growth by low temperature.The threshold temperatures for various developmental stages of H.dimidiata were found to be at the highest level for the 2nd instar larvae at 12.74℃,the lowest for the pupal stage at 9.24℃,and for the egg-hatching at 9.87℃.The effective accumulated temperature required for the growth to maturity of a beetle was 324.82 d·℃.【Conclusion】Ambient temperature significantly affected the development,growth,and survival of H.dimidiata.Based on the survival rate and development time of H.dimidiate reared on E.kuehniella eggs for feed,20-30℃was determined to be the

关 键 词：红肩瓢虫 温度 发育速率 发育起点温度 有效积温 

分 类 号：S435[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]