2018-2021年北京市入托入学儿童预防接种证查验及疫苗补种情况分析  

Analysis of vaccination certificate inspection and supplementary vaccination among children in kindergartens and schools in Beijing,2018-2021

作　　者：钱海坤[1] 袁千里 索罗丹[1] 纪文艳[1] QIAN Hai-kun;YUAN Qian-li;SUO Luo-dan;JI Wen-yan(Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心,100013

出　　处：《首都公共卫生》2023年第3期133-136,共4页Capital Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的分析2018-2021年北京市入托、入学儿童预防接种证查验及疫苗补种实施情况及效果,为评价和提高常规免疫规划疫苗接种率提供依据。方法收集北京市2018-2021年的入托、入学儿童预防接种证查验和疫苗补种资料,对学校查验率、儿童持证率、漏种率以及补种率等进行描述统计。结果2018-2021年北京市幼儿园、小学和中学的查验覆盖率均为100.00%。全市每年查验儿童数在498155~571870人之间,儿童查验率均为100.00%。儿童平均持证率为99.77%,各年度、各年龄组的非北京市户籍儿童持证率总体低于北京市户籍儿童。儿童漏种率由2018年的7.01%降至2021年的5.16%,以高年级、非北京市户籍儿童为最高。漏种率最高的前三位免疫规划疫苗依次是A群C群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗、麻腮风疫苗和白喉破伤风联合疫苗。除2018年卡介苗和A群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗补种率较低外,其他免疫规划疫苗各年份补种率均超过95%。结论2018-2021年北京市入托、入学儿童持证率和接种率较高,反映出北京市常规免疫和入托、入学儿童查验接种证和补种工作实施情况良好,可以为减少托幼机构、中小学校内疫苗可预防传染病的发生和流行,提出对策建议,为保护儿童健康提供保障。Objective To understand the status of vaccination certificate inspection and supplementary vaccination of children enrolled at kindergartens and schools in Beijing,and to provide evidence for evaluating and enhancing the vaccination coverage of the expanded program on immunization program(EPI).Methods The data of vaccination certificate inspection and supplementary vaccination among children enrolled at kindergartens and schools in Beijing from 2018 to 2021 were collected and analyzed.Results From 2018 to 2021,the inspection coverage rates in kindergartens,primary schools and junior high schools in Beijing were 100.00%.The annual number of children inspected was ranged from 498155 to 571870 in Beijing,the coverage rate of inspection was 100.00%.The average certificate holding rate of children was 99.77%,the certificate holding rates of children without Beijing Hukou in all years and age groups were generally lower than that of children with Beijing Hukou.The rate of incomplete vaccination among children dropped from 7.01%in 2018 to 5.16%in 2021,the rates of incomplete vaccination among children in junior high schools and children without Beijing Hukou were the highest.The top three vaccines with the rates of the incomplete vaccination were Group A and Group C Meningococcal Polysaccharide vaccine and Measles,mumps and rubella combined vaccine and Diphtheria and Tetanus Combined vaccine.Except Bacillus Calmette-Gurin vaccine and group A Meningococcal Polysaccharide vaccine in 2018,the rate of the supplementary vaccination among the EPI vaccines in each year exceeded 95%.Conclusions The result have shown that the rates of certificate holding and the coverage of vaccines of children enrolled at kindergartens and schools maintain at a high level.The status of the routine immunization administration and the activities of the vaccination certificate inspection and supplementary vaccination of children enrolled at kindergartens and schools in Beijing are well implemented.It can reduce the occurrence and prevalence of inf

关 键 词：预防接种 接种证查验 疫苗补种 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]