IMO框架下智能船舶适航的法律规制研究  

Research on the Legal Regulation of the Seaworthiness of Intelligent Ships Under the IMO Framework

作　　者：崔佳璐 CUI Jialu(Ocean University of China Law School,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学法学院,青岛266100

出　　处：《海洋开发与管理》2023年第7期22-32,共11页Ocean Development and Management

基　　金：南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海)自主科研项目“无人船舶和海洋无人设备相关法律问题研究”(SML2020SP005)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：随人工智能技术发展,智能船舶因其无人化、智能化的特点而与传统国际法律制度产生碰撞。当前,国际海事组织将制定“海上自主水面船舶规则”工作提上日程,航行安全问题作为其中的高度优先事项,受到各国广泛关注。船舶适航作为承运人的主要义务之一,是保障航行安全的先决条件。但智能船舶是否需要符合适航标准,如果适用会产生哪些法律障碍并如何解决等诸多问题亟待研究。对此,应修订《国际海上避碰规则》并明确智能船舶适船技术标准,明确岸基操作人员的法律地位并制定其资格取得、培训、值班标准,明确安全配员标准及需船员在船承担的职责的履行方式。With the development of artificial intelligence technology,intelligent ships collide with the traditional international legal system because of their unmanned and intelligent characteristics.Currently,the International Maritime Organization has put the development of the Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships Code on its agenda,and the safety of navigation as one of the high priorities has received wide attention from various countries.As one of the main obligations of carriers,the seaworthiness of ships is a prerequisite to ensure the safety of navigation.However,many issues such as whether smart ships need to meet the seaworthiness standards,what legal obstacles will arise if they are applied and how to solve them need to be studied.In this regard,the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea should be revised and the technical standards for the seaworthiness of intelligent ships should be clarified,the legal status of shore-based operators should be clarified and their qualification,training and duty standards should be formulated,and the safety manning standards and the way to perform the duties required of crew members on board should be clarified.

关 键 词：智能船舶 适航 航行安全 岸基操作人员 船员配备 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学] P7[天文地球—海洋科学] U6[交通运输工程—船舶与海洋工程]