近30年我国不同地区农田耕层土壤的pH变化特征  

Spatio-temporal variation of surface soil pH of farmland in different regions of China in the past 30 years

作　　者：杨帆 贾伟 杨宁 李文西 段英华[4] 胡炎 崔勇 YANG Fan;JIA Wei;YANG Ning;LI Wen-xi;DUAN Ying-hua;HU Yan;CUI Yong(Monitoring and Protection Center of Cultivated Land Quality,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China;Station of Land Protection of Yangzhou City,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225101,China;Key Laboratory of Cultivated Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225101,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部耕地质量监测保护中心,北京100125 [2]扬州市耕地质量保护站,江苏扬州225101 [3]农业农村部耕地质量监测与评价重点实验室,江苏扬州225101 [4]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2023年第7期1213-1227,共15页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：测土配方施肥项目。

摘　　要：【目的】pH是土壤质量和土壤健康的重要指标,掌握全国农田耕层土壤pH变化可为国家制定耕地保护和质量提升措施提供科学依据。【方法】pH数据来源于2005—2014年测土配方施肥项目与全国第二次土壤普查农田耕层土壤pH测定结果,包括《中国土壤普查数据》、全国第二次土壤普查典型土种pH数据、部分省级第二次土壤普查图书和公开发表文献中的全国第二次土壤普查耕地pH数据、《测土配方施肥土壤基础养分数据集》的846万个测土配方施肥数据。对比分析了近30年来全国农田耕层土壤pH变化和分级情况。依据GB/T33469—2016《耕地质量等级》将研究区域分为9个区,分析了不同区域土壤的p H空间分布和变化速率。【结果】30年来我国25省区市农田耕层土壤pH平均值均呈下降趋势。1979—1985年全国第二次土壤普查时期,35.79%的农田耕层土壤pH平均值<6.5,25.62%在6.5~7.5,36.22%在7.5~8.5,2.22%在8.5~9.0。2005—2014年测土配方施肥项目时期,以上4个等级的土壤面积占比分别为42.92%、18.49%、35.95%、2.62%。区域空间分布变化表明,相比全国第二次土壤普查时期,测土配方施肥时期东北区、黄淮海、长江中下游区、华南区pH<5.5的耕地面积占比分别增加了2.61%、2.24%、14.93%、1.16%,这4个区域耕层土壤酸胁迫程度加剧,酸性土壤和弱酸性土壤面积增加。相对于酸性土壤的酸化,东北区的中性土壤和弱碱性土壤及黄淮海的弱碱性土壤酸化速率大,应采取合理的措施降低其酸化速率。【结论】30年来,我国大部分地区农田耕层土壤pH下降,长江中下游和华南区所属的福建、海南、江西、广东和浙江等省农田耕层pH≤5.5所占比例最高,土壤酸化尤为严重。需要引起注意的是,与全国第二次土壤普查时期相比,<6.5等级的土壤比例增加了7.13个百分点。【Objectives】pH is an important index for soil fertility and health.We analyzed the change of soil pH in the farmland across China to provide a scientific basis for making scientific policies and measurements for the protection and improvement of farmland.【Methods】The variation of farmland pH value and grading were made by comparing the data between the“Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization Project”from 2005 to 2014 and“the Second National Soil Census”from 1979 to 1985.The data included the 8.46 million data published in book‘Basic Soil Nutrient Data Set from Soil Test and Formulated Fertilization’.The variation trend and classification of farmland pH during the past 30 years were compared and analyzed.According to GB/T 33469−2016 farmland Quality Grade,the study area was divided into 9 areas to analyze the spatial distribution and change rate of pH in each region.【Results】The results showed that the average pH value of the farmland soil in 25 provinces had a decreasing trend in the past 30 years.In 1979-1985,the proportion of farmland with pH<6.5,6.5−7.5,7.5−8.5,and 8.5−9.0 was 35.79%,25.62%,36.22%,and 2.22%,respectively,while in 2005-2014,the proportions in the four pH grades were 42.92%,18.49%,35.95%,and 2.62%,respectively.Comparing to 1979-1985,the acidification of topsoil in regional scale was intensified in Northeast China,Huang-Huai-Hai,middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River and South China.The proportion of cultivated land with pH below 5.5 increased by 2.61%,2.24%,14.93%and 1.16%,respectively.And the soil areas in acid and weak acid grades were all increased.The acidification rate in the neutral and weakly alkaline soil in northeast China and weakly alkaline soil in Huang-Huai-Hai region was higher than that in acid soil,so reasonable measures should be taken to reduce the acidification rate.【Conclusions】In the past 30 years,the farmland pH in most area of China tends to decline,the proportion of<6.5 grade is increased by 7.13 percentage points around China.The a

关 键 词：耕地 土壤酸化 全国第二次土壤普查 测土配方施肥项目 

分 类 号：S153.4[农业科学—土壤学]