红壤稻田土壤酶活性及水稻产量对翻压冬季绿肥的响应  

Response of soil enzyme activity and rice yield to winter green manure incorporation in red paddy soil

作　　者：李亚贞 韩天富[2] 柳开楼 黄天宝 韩德鹏 肖国滨 郑伟 LI Ya-zhen;HAN Tian-fu;LIU Kai-lou;HUANG Tian-bao;HAN De-peng;XIAO Guo-bin;ZHENG Wei(Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resources,Nanchang,Jiangxi 331717,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省红壤及种质资源研究所,江西南昌331717 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2023年第7期1313-1322,共10页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：江西省重点研发计划项目(20202BBFL63006);江西省双千计划项目(jxsq2020102116);国家科技基础资源调查专项(2021FY100504)。

摘　　要：【目的】土壤酶活性与土壤养分周转和作物生长密切相关,不同绿肥翻压对土壤酶活性的影响不同,因此,调查了我国南方稻区典型冬季绿肥翻压还田条件下土壤关键酶活性的变化。【方法】江西进贤县开展的绿肥定位试验始于2015年,设置冬闲(CK)、冬季种植并翻压紫云英(Astragalus sinicus L.)和肥田油菜(Brassica napus L.)3个处理。于2018和2019年晚稻成熟期,采集土壤样品测定了微生物量碳氮和速效氮磷钾含量,脲酶(Urea)、α-葡萄糖苷酶(AG)、乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、β-1,4葡萄糖苷酶(BG)、β-纤维二糖苷酶(CBH)、β-木糖苷酶(BXYL)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、酚氧化物酶(POX)和过氧化物酶(PER)活性。利用冗余分析(redundancy analysis,RDA)评价了不同土壤酶对水稻土肥力变化的重要性,采用偏最小二乘路径模型(partial least squares path mode,PLS-PM)解析了土壤酶活性、土壤肥力指标以及水稻产量之间的相互关系。【结果】紫云英和肥田油菜还田提高水稻产量的效果没有显著差异,2018和2019年水稻产量分别较CK处理提高了15.05%~15.10%和11.60%~11.82%。紫云英和肥田油菜提高土壤微生物量碳氮和速效氮磷钾含量的效果也无显著差异,翻压肥田油菜的土壤酶活性显著高于翻压紫云英,但两个年度酶活性变化不完全一致。2018年,肥田油菜处理只有Urea、AG和CBH活性较紫云英处理分别提高了22.57%、17.59%和64.89%,而2019年,有6种酶活性显著提高,如Urea、AG、BG、CBH、ACP和POX活性分别提高了54.24%、8.19%、28.84%、28.05%、64.68%和56.46%。RDA结果表明,AG和CBH活性与土壤肥力变化的相关性达到显著水平(P<0.05)。PLS-PM分析表明,土壤酶活性和微生物量碳氮量均可以通过影响土壤有机质和氮磷钾含量调控水稻产量,但土壤酶活性对速效氮磷钾含量的影响程度明显高于有机质含量。【结论】土壤酶活性主要通过提升土壤氮磷钾养分有【Objectives】Soil enzyme activity is closely related to soil nutrient turnover and sometimes is used to evaluate the fertility of soil.We investigated the effect of typical winter green manures on soil enzyme activities in south China.【Methods】The localized field experiment in red paddy soil from 2015 located in Jinxian county,Jiangxi Province.At maturing stages of late rice in 2018 and 2019,soil samples were collected in the treatment plots of winter fallow(CK),planting in winter and incorporation of milkvetch(Astragalus sinicus L.),and rape(Brassica napus L.).The organic matter and available N,P and K content were measured,and the activities of urease(Urea),α-glucosidase(AG),glucosaminidase(NAG),β-1,4 glucosidase(BG),β-cellobiosidase(CBH),β-xylosidase(BXYL),acid phosphatase(ACP),phenoloxidase(POX)and peroxidase(PER)were analyzed.The importance of enzyme activity driving soil fertility change was evaluated using redundancy analysis(RDA).And the relationship between soil enzyme activity,soil fertility and rice yield were analyzed using partial least squares path mode(PLS-PM).【Results】Compared with CK,both rape and milk vetch treatment increased the annual rice yield by 15.05%−15.10%and 11.60%−11.82%in 2018 and 2019 respectively,and increased soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,available N,P and K content,but there was no significant difference between the two treatments.The rape incorporation was more efficient than milkvetch in enhancing soil enzyme activities in the two years,although the effect was not completely consistent in the two years.In 2018,the Urea,AG and CBH activities in rape treatment were 22.57%,17.59%and 64.89%higher than in milkvetch,and in 2019,the Urea,AG,BG,CBH,ACP and POX showed higher activities of 54.24%,8.19%,28.84%,28.05%,64.68%and 56.46%in rape treatment.The results of RDA indicated that AG and CBH activity were the key factors driving soil fertility change.Moreover,PLS-PM analysis showed that soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen regul

关 键 词：红壤稻田 紫云英 肥田油菜 土壤酶活性 水稻产量 冗余分析 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S142