追氮对弱筋小麦干物质、氮素积累及产量的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Topdressing on Dry Matter,Nitrogen Accumulation and Yield of Weak Gluten Wheat Varieties

作　　者：刘哲文 郭丹丹 常旭虹[1] 王德梅[1] 杨玉双[1] 刘希伟 王玉娇 王艳杰 赵广才[1] LIU Zhewen;GUO Dandan;CHANG Xuhong;WANG Demei;YANG Yushuang;LIU Xiwei;WANG Yujiao;WANG Yanjie;ZHAO Guangcai(Institute of Crop Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2023年第8期1029-1038,共10页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-3-1-13);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-ZDRW202002)。

摘　　要：为探究弱筋小麦干物质和氮素积累对追氮时期和比例的响应、提高弱筋小麦优质高产技术,在中国农业科学院作物科学研究所北京试验基地进行田间试验,供试品种为扬麦15和扬麦24,拔节期和挑旗期追氮设置5个不同比例为100∶0(N_(1))、75∶25(N_(2))、50∶50(N_(3))、25∶75(N_(4))、0∶100(N_(5)),分析不同处理下小麦干物质和氮素的积累与分配、产量及品质指标。结果表明,对扬麦15和扬麦24花后干物质积累量,N1处理较其他处理分别增加8.4%~44.7%和14.6%~43.6%;对花后干物质积累量对籽粒产量的贡献率,N_(1)处理较其他处理分别提高3.8%~13.5%和3.9%~11.6%;N_(1)处理花后氮素积累量较N5处理分别降低25.4%和21.5%,花后氮素积累对籽粒氮素的贡献率分别降低50.7%和37.4%;N1处理显著提高籽粒总淀粉含量,降低籽粒蛋白质含量;仅拔节期追施氮肥通过提高穗数和穗粒数实现产量提升,对扬麦15和扬麦24籽粒产量,N1处理较其他处理分别提高2.2%~16.7%和2.5%~11.3%。因此,仅拔节期追施氮肥能较好地协调弱筋小麦产量和品质之间的关系。In order to explore the response of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of weak gluten wheat to nitrogen topdressing period and proportion,and to provide scientific reference for high quality and high yield of weak gluten wheat,a field trail was conducted at the Beijing Test Base of Institute of Crop Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences with two weak gluten wheat varieties Yangmai 15 and Yangmai 24 as materials.Five different nitrogen topdressing ratios were set up at jointing stage and flag picking stage,respectively:100∶0(N_(1))、75∶25(N_(2)),50∶50(N_(3)),25∶75(N_(4)),and 0∶100(N 5).The accumulation and distribution of dry matter and nitrogen,yield and quality of wheat in different treatments after anthesis were analyzed.The results showed that the dry matter accumulation amount of Yangmai 15 and Yangmai 24 after anthesis under N_(1)were increased by 8.4%-44.7%and 14.6%-43.6%,respectively,compared with other treatments;the contribution rate of dry matter accumulation amount to grain yield under N_(1)were increased by 3.8%-13.5%and 3.9%-11.6%,respectively,compared with other treatments;the nitrogen accumulation amount after anthesis under N_(1)were decreased by 25.4%and 21.5%,respectively,compared with that under N_(5),and the contribution rate of nitrogen accumulation after anthesis to grain nitrogen were decreased by 50.7%and 37.4%,respectively.N_(1)significantly increased the total starch content of grains and reduced the protein content of grains.Only topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at jointing stage can improve the yield by increasing the number of ears and grains per ear.The grain yield of Yangmai 15 and Yangmai 24 under N_(1)were increased by 2.2%-16.7%and 2.5%-11.3%,respectively,compared with other treatments.Therefore,topdressing nitrogen fertilizer only at jointing stage can better coordinate the relationship between yield and quality.

关 键 词：冬小麦 追氮时期和比例 干物质积累 氮素积累 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311