麦/稻秸秆还田氮在后茬稻/麦植株中的分配去向探析  

Distribution of Nitrogen from the Wheat/Rice Straw Returned to the Field in Wheat-Rice Rotation

作　　者：姚远 马泉 郑国利 李春燕[1,2] 丁锦峰 朱敏[1,2] 郭文善 朱新开 YAO Yuan;MA Quan;ZHENG Guoli;LI Chunyan;DING Jinfeng;ZHU Min;GUO Wenshan;ZHU Xinkai(Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China;Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety Ministry of Education,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009 [2]粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009 [3]教育部农业与农产品安全国际合作联合实验室,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2023年第8期1047-1055,共9页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项(BE2022312);江苏省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(JATS[2022]502);江苏高校优势学科建设工程。

摘　　要：为探究秸秆还田氮在后茬稻/麦中的有效性及其去向,运用15N同位素示踪技术,设置秸秆直接还田、秸秆添加腐熟剂还田两个处理,采用大田微区试验连续种植一季冬小麦和一季水稻,分析15N标记的水稻和小麦秸秆氮在后茬小麦、水稻不同生育时期植株各器官的分配及去向特征。结果表明,秸秆直接还田处理与秸秆添加腐熟剂还田处理下,稻田中小麦还田秸秆的当季腐解率分别为72.71%和80.18%,麦田中水稻还田秸秆的当季腐解率分别为58.53%和68.90%,水稻季显著高于小麦季;小麦季和水稻季植株吸收的氮素中,来自还田前茬秸秆15N-氮的比例不同,其中小麦季分别为3.13%~3.36%和3.72%~3.85%,水稻季分别为3.19%~3.84%和3.60%~4.20%,水稻季略高于小麦季。与秸秆直接还田处理相比,秸秆添加腐熟剂还田处理能显著促进秸秆腐解,增加小麦和水稻各时期植株对还田秸秆15N-氮的利用率,并提高还田标记15N-氮在土壤中的残留率,抑制还田秸秆中15N-氮的损失率,即采用秸秆添加腐熟剂还田能提高秸秆氮素转化率和有效性。To explore the effectiveness and distribution of straw returning nitrogen in wheat-rice rotation and provide a basis for reasonable straw returning to the field,in this experiment,15 N isotope tracing technology was used to design two treatments:returning straw directly to the field(SR)and returning the straw to the field with a decomposing agent(FSR).A field micro-plot experiment of wheat-rice rotation was performed to study the distribution and fate of 15 N-labeled rice and wheat straw nitrogen at different growth stages of wheat and rice.The results showed that the seasonal decomposition rate of wheat straw in paddy field was 72.71%and 80.18%,respectively,and the seasonal decomposition rate of rice straw in wheat field was 58.53%and 68.90%,respectively.The rice season showed significantly higher decomposition rate than the wheat season did,under SR and FSR.The proportion of 15 N-nitrogen(%Ndfs)from the previous straw returning to the field was different in the nitrogen absorbed by the wheat and rice seasons.Among them,the wheat season was 3.13%~3.36%,and 3.72%~3.85%;the rice season was 3.19%~3.84%,and 3.60%~4.20%,slightly higher inthe rice season.Compared with SR,FSR significantly promoted the decomposition of the straw,increased the utilization rate of 15 N-nitrogen of the returning straw for wheat and rice at different stages,increased the residual rate of returning marker 15 N-nitrogen in soil,and inhibited the loss rate of 15 N-nitrogen in returning straw.The conclusion is that the nitrogen conversion rate and effectiveness of straw can be improved by adding decomposing agent to the field.

关 键 词：水稻 小麦 15N标记 秸秆还田 腐熟剂 氮素分配 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311