银行风险处置措施的历史演变及启示  

Historical Evolution of Bank Risk Disposition Measures and Implications

作　　者：杨小玄 张欣欣[2] 顾强[2] 郭晨 Yang Xiaoxuan;Zhang Xinxin;Gu Qiang;Guo Chen(Operation Office of PBC,Beijing 100045,China;PBC Chifeng Central Sub-branch,Chifeng 024000,Inner Mongolia,China;PBC Hohhot Central Sub-branch,Hohhot 010000,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民银行营业管理部,北京100045 [2]中国人民银行赤峰市中心支行,内蒙古赤峰024000 [3]中国人民银行呼和浩特中心支行,内蒙古呼和浩特010000

出　　处：《金融发展研究》2023年第7期83-88,共6页Journal Of Financial Development Research

摘　　要：银行业金融机构风险处置工作涉及面广、敏感性强、成本高,对金融体系和社会稳定都有较大影响。本文整理了国内外自1257年以来历次银行风险处置情况,分析了银行风险处置措施的历史演变。研究发现:一是政府对银行风险处置逐渐积极主动,资本注入和担保类处置措施的使用频率增加,且更多使用多样化、灵活性的组合措施;二是在经济周期的不同阶段,银行风险处置措施分别表现出“群体性”和“单一性”特征;三是市场化处置程度越高、风险处置机制越完善的市场,处置效果更优、财政负担越低;四是银行风险处置主导部门从“财政”主导逐步转向“财政”与“中央银行”各有分工的模式。建议深化金融监管体制改革,提升市场化处置程度,强化银行自救主体责任,充分发挥存款保险机制作用,完善中央银行最后贷款人制度。The risk disposal of banking financial institutions is extensive,sensitive and costly,and has a greater impact on the financial system and social stability.This paper compiles the historical evolution of bank risk disposal measures by analyzing the historical disposition of bank risks in China and abroad since 1257.The study found that:first,the government has gradually become more proactive in the disposal of bank risks,with the use of capital injec-tion and guarantee-type disposal measures increasing in frequency,and more use of a diverse and flexible combination of measures;secondly,at different stages of the economic cycle,banks'risk management measures are character-ized as"group"and"single"respectively;third,the higher the degree of market-based disposal and the better the risk disposal mechanism,the better the disposal effect and the lower the financial burden;Fourthly,the leading depart-ment of bank risk management has gradually shifted from"finance"to"finance"and"central bank"with their own divi-sion of labor.It is recommended to deepen the reform of the financial regulatory system,enhance the degree of market-based disposal,strengthen the main responsibility of banks to save themselves,give full play to the deposit insurance mechanism,and improve the central bank’s lender-of-last-resort system.

关 键 词：银行风险处置 历史演变 中央银行 存款保险 

分 类 号：F831.59[经济管理—金融学]