自主招生对不同社会阶层子女接受优质高等教育机会的影响——兼论拔尖创新人才选拔制度的公平性  

An Impact Evaluation of Social Stratification for University Independent Enrollment in China

作　　者：杨明月 苗田甜 李文玉 孙百才 Yang Mingyue;Miao Tiantian;Li Wenyu;Sun Baicai(Normal College,Qingdao University,Qingdao 266071;School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081;School of Economics,Qingdao University,Qingdao 266071)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学师范学院,青岛266071 [2]北京理工大学人文与社会科学学院,北京100081 [3]青岛大学经济学院,青岛266071

出　　处：《山东高等教育》2023年第3期33-41,共9页Review of Higher Education

摘　　要：基于北京大学“首都高校教育质量与学生发展”项目数据,采用多层线性模型对高考多元录取制度的社会分层功能进行实证分析。研究发现,自主招生制度虽然促进了高考录取的多元化改革,却在一定程度上加深了地区间和城乡间优质高等教育入学不平等。回归结果显示,父母受教育程度和家庭收入状况对获取自主招生资格没有显著作用;中高职业阶层家庭,尤其是行政和企业管理阶层,可以通过特定场域为子女竞争到更多的接受优质高等教育机会,从而实现阶层的代际传递与再生产。2020年开始施行的“强基计划”对高考成绩权重、高校自主综合评价、分省招生计划等方面的新规定,使高等教育招生录取的责权在政府和高校间配置更加合理。This study used data from“Educational Quality and Student Development in Capital Universities”project,and applied cross-classified multilevel model to evaluate the social stratification between university inde-pendent enrollment and national unified admission.The research results indicate that unified entrance examina-tion enrollment is the most fair talent selection method under the diversified admission system.Although the in-dependent admission system promotes the diversified reform of college entrance examination enrollment,it has to some extent widened the inequality in higher education enrollment between regions and between urban and rural areas.The regression results show that parents’education level and family income status have no significant effect on obtaining the qualification for independent enrollment;middle to high vocational families,especially the administrative and business management classes,utilize the fields created by the independent enrollment system to transform resources into children's competition for more opportunities to receive high-quality higher education,thereby achieving inter-generational transmission and reproduction of the class.The implementation of the“Strengthening Basic Disciplines”in 2020 has made the allocation of responsibilities and powers for higher edu-cation enrollment more reasonable between the government and universities,as well as the provisions on the main position of the college entrance examination,independent comprehensive evaluation of universities,and the for-mulation of provincial enrollment plans.

关 键 词：自主招生 入学机会 广义多层线性模型 强基计划 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]