《南极条约》协商国执行《马德里议定书》附件六的立法研究  

Legislative Activities of Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties on Implementation of Annex VI to Protocol on Envivonment Protection to the Antarctic Treaty

作　　者：陈忠华 CHEN Zhong-hua(School of International Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学国际法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《辽东学院学报（社会科学版）》2023年第3期34-50,共17页Journal of Liaodong University：Social Science Edition

摘　　要：《马德里议定书》附件六要求各国通过国内立法的形式对南极环境紧急状况下的经营者责任加以规制。已核准附件六的《南极条约》协商国根据各国的南极立法基础及司法体系,就南极环境紧急状况发生前和发生后两个阶段的经营者义务以及经营者责任的履行机制加以规制。部分未核准附件六的国家也已在其国内立法中准备了执行附件六的有关制度,并就附件六的核准问题展开研究。中国作为尚未核准附件六且无法律层级南极立法的《南极条约》协商国,应当充分参考其他国家执行附件六的南极立法,尽快出台符合中国国情的南极立法并以此为基础考虑是否核准附件六,以便在未来南极环境责任制度谈判中争取更大话语权。Annex VI of the Protocol on Envivonment Protection to the Antarctic Treaty requires countries to regulate the liability of operators in Antarctic environmental emergencies through domestic legislation.Based on the Antarctic legislative basis and judicial system of each country,the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties that have approved Annex VI regulate the obligations of operators and the implementation mechanism of operator’s responsibilities in the two stages before and after the occurrence of the Antarctic environmental emergency.Some countries that have not approved Annex VI have also prepared relevant systems for implementing Annex VI in their domestic legislation,and have conducted research on the approval of Annex VI.As an Antarctic Treaty Consultative Party that has not yet approved Annex VI and has no legal level of Antarctic legislation,China should fully refer to the Antarctic legislation of other countries to implement Annex VI,and introduce Antarctic legislation in line with China’s national conditions as soon as possible and consider whether to approve Annex VI based on this so as to gain a greater voice in the future negotiations on the Antarctic environmental responsibility system.

关 键 词：《马德里议定书》 南极环境紧急状况 附件六 南极立法 经营者责任 国家利益 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]