高性能钕铁硼永磁晶界扩散技术最新进展与未来展望  

Recent progress and future prospect in grain boundary diffusion technology for high performance Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets

作　　者：刘仲武[1] 何家毅 曾超超 陈世英 LIU Zhong-wu;HE Jia-yi;ZENG Chao-chao;CHEN Shi-ying(School of Materials Science and Engineering,South China Universityof Technology,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学材料科学与工程学院,广东广州510640

出　　处：《磁性材料及器件》2023年第4期97-106,共10页Journal of Magnetic Materials and Devices

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U21A2052,51774146);江西省重大科技研发专项(20203ABC28W006)。

摘　　要：钕铁硼永磁在新能源等战略新兴领域有着广阔的发展前景。应用端的发展对钕铁硼磁体的高温性能和矫顽力提出了更高的要求。晶界扩散技术是烧结钕铁硼磁体的一项重大进展。它主要将重稀土元素或稀土合金以晶界扩散的方式渗透入磁体内部,通过强化硬磁相晶粒表面的薄弱区域,在有效提高磁体矫顽力的同时,大大减少了重稀土的用量,减小了重稀土对剩磁和磁能积的不利影响,显著降低了材料成本。自本世纪初发展至今,晶界扩散技术已迅速实现了工业化。最近几年,晶界扩散在理论和技术层面都有了较大的发展和创新。目前通过晶界扩散技术,烧结磁体的最大磁能积(MGOe)+内禀矫顽力(kOe)已达75以上。基于近期国内外的产业现状和研究前沿,总结了近年来扩散剂、扩散剂包覆技术、扩散方法、选区扩散和扩散基材的最新进展,并对晶界扩散的未来发展进行展望,为高性能钕铁硼永磁体的研发提供参考。NdFeB permanent magnet has broad prospects for development in strategic emerging fields such as new energy.The development of application end puts forward higher requirements for high temperature performance and coercivity of NdFeB magnets.Grain boundary diffusion technology is a significant progress in sintered NdFeB magnets.By grain boundary diffusion process,heavy rare earth elements or rare earth alloys can infiltrate into the magnet through grain boundary.By strengthening the weak areas on the surface of hard magnetic phase grains,it can effectively improve the coercivity of the magnets.At the same time,it can greatly reduce the use of heavy rare earth,reduce the adverse effects of heavy rare earth on remanence and magnetic energy product,and significantly reduce the cost of materials.Since its appearance in the beginning of this century,grain boundary diffusion technology has been rapidly industrialized.In recent years,great progress has been achieved regarding to the innovation in both theory and technology.At present,by grain boundary diffusion technology,the maximum magnetic energy product(BH)max(MGOe)+intrinsic coercivity Hci(kOe)>75 has reached for sintered magnets.Based on the recent industrial status and research frontiers at home and abroad,the latest progress in diffusion source,diffusion source coating technology,diffusion methods,selected area diffusion,and diffusion substrate effects have been summarized here.The future development of grain boundary diffusion technology has been prospected,which provides a reference for the research and development of high-performance Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets.

关 键 词：钕铁硼磁体 晶界扩散 重稀土 扩散剂 扩散剂包覆 选区扩散 扩散基材 矫顽力 

分 类 号：TM273[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]