基于出行距离的城市轨道交通补贴优化模型  

Optimization model of urban rail transit subsidies based on travel distance

作　　者：汪晴 徐光明[2] 邓连波[2] 许景 WANG Qing;XU Guangming;DENG Lianbo;XU Jing(School of Modern Posts,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing 210003,China;School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]南京邮电大学现代邮政学院,江苏南京210003 [2]中南大学交通运输工程学院,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2023年第7期2689-2697,共9页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：南京邮电大学引进人才科研启动基金资助项目(NY221037);国家自然科学基金资助项目(71471179)。

摘　　要：城市轨道交通补贴是公共交通运营管理和组织的重要基础,寻求城市轨道交通补贴这一科学问题的优化理论和方法,成为政府实施补贴方案和提升企业管理水平的重要手段。基于此,结合城市轨道交通实际运营系统中关键要素,深入揭示“客流需求”、“企业运行计划”和“政府补贴方案”之间的关系,并考虑城市轨道交通系统中客流出行距离的影响,构造基于乘客出行距离的补贴优化模型。依据里程补贴优化模型特点,设计相应的启发式求解算法。以长沙地铁2号线为例,分析所提里程补贴方案对客流出行行为和运营系统的影响,验证优化模型及算法的正确性和有效性。此外,以固定补贴方案为比较对象,研究结果表明:(1)所提出的里程补贴方案比固定补贴方案适用性更高,能够吸引更多的客流出行,运营效益有所提高,所需的补贴额度显著降低;(2)2种补贴方案下客流集中度存在显著差异,固定补贴方案吸引短距离出行的客流,而里程补贴方案更吸引长距离出行的客流。研究成果可为公共交通“合理补贴”方案的制定和实施提供理论支持和决策依据。Subsidy for urban rail transit is an important foundation for the management and organization of public transport operations.Seeking optimization theories and methods for the scientific issue of urban rail transit subsidies has become an important means for the government to implement subsidy schemes and improve the management level of operators.Combining the key elements in the actual operation system of urban rail transit,this study deeply revealed the relationship among“passenger demand”,“train operation plan”,and“government subsidy schemes”.Considering the influence of the passenger travel distance,a distance-based subsidy optimization model was constructed.A heuristic solution algorithm was designed based on the characteristics of the proposed optimization model.Finally,taking Changsha Metro Line 2 as an example,the effect of distancebased subsidy scheme on the passengers’travel behavior and operation system performance was analyzed.The correctness and effectiveness of the optimization model and algorithm were verified.Besides,taking the fixed subsidy scheme as the comparison object,the research results are shown as follows.(1)The distance-based subsidy scheme is more applicable than the fixed subsidy scheme,which can attract more passengers,improve the operating efficiency,and significantly reduce the required subsidies.(2)There is a significant difference in the concentration of passenger demand under the two subsidy schemes.The fixed subsidy scheme attracts more passengers with short trips,while the distance-based subsidy scheme attracts more passengers with long trips.The research results can provide theoretical support and decision-making basis for the formulation and implementation of“reasonable subsidy”scheme of public transportation.

关 键 词：城市轨道交通 社会福利 旅行距离 补贴系数 服务频率 

分 类 号：U293[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]