PDC钻头钻井提速关键影响因素研究  

Study on Key Factors Influencing the ROP Improvement of PDC Bits

作　　者：高德利[1] 刘维[1] 万绪新 郭勇 GAO Deli;LIU Wei;WAN Xuxin;GUO Yong(MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing,102249,China;Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Service Corporation,Dongying,Shandong,257000,China;Engineering Technology Research Institute,PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company,Karamay,Xinjiang,834000,China)

机构地区：[1]石油工程教育部重点实验室(中国石油大学(北京)),北京102249 [2]中石化胜利石油工程有限公司,山东东营257000 [3]中国石油新疆油田分公司工程技术研究院,新疆克拉玛依834000

出　　处：《石油钻探技术》2023年第4期20-34,共15页Petroleum Drilling Techniques

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“复杂结构‘井工厂’立体设计建设基础研究”(编号:52234002);国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目“复杂油气井钻井与完井基础研究”(编号:51821092);中国石油大学(北京)科研启动基金项目“高效钻头的研究”(编号:ZX20190065)联合资助。

摘　　要：为了在钻井工程中发挥出PDC钻头的最大功效,通过理论分析、室内试验、案例分析、现场试验等,探讨了高钻压、高转速等钻井参数强化对PDC钻头钻速和磨损的影响规律,同时分析了PDC钻头的磨损机理与过早失效主因。研究结果表明:1)钻压是影响PDC钻头机械钻速的直接和首选因素,当钻头处于高效破岩状态时,无论钻遇一般地层还是硬岩地层,钻压与机械钻速均应呈线性关系;钻遇均质硬岩地层时,建议将200 kN以上高钻压纳入PDC钻头的常规应用参数;2)提高转速可实现钻井提速,虽然高转速会加剧PDC钻头的磨损,但目前切削齿的质量足以满足PDC钻头在高转速(400~500 r/min)下长时间钻进多数地层的需求;3)布齿密度对钻头机械钻速有影响,但并非直接因素,只要“吃得进去,切得下来,排得及时”三者建立动态平衡,即便是高布齿密度PDC钻头也可以实现优快钻进;4)PDC钻头破岩效率越高,钻头磨损会越小,如提高钻压,会增大切削齿吃入深度、减少钻头磨损;5)动态冲击和低效破岩是造成PDC切削齿和钻头过早失效的主因,实现PDC钻头高效钻进的核心是提高破岩效率与抑制钻头振动。该研究结果对PDC钻头合理使用与钻井提速技术创新具有参考意义。For the maximization of the efficacy of the polycrystalline diamond compact(PDC)bits in drilling engineering,comprehensive research,including theoretical analysis,laboratory test,case study,and on-site trials,was conducted to investigate how a high weight-on-bit(WOB),a high rotary speed,and other optimized drilling parameters work on the rate of penetration(ROP)and the wear of a PDC bit.Furthermore,the wear mechanism of the PDC bit and the primary cause of the premature failure of the bit were analyzed.The results indicated that:1)The ROP of the PDC bit was directly and primarily affected by the WOB.When the bit was in an efficient rock-breaking state,the WOB was invariably in a linear relationship with the ROP whether the formation encountered was a conventional one or a hard rock formation.Adding a high WOB over 200 kN into the normal pressurization range of the PDC bit was recommended if the formation encountered was a homogeneous hard rock formation.2)ROP improvement could be achieved by enhancing the rotary speed.Although the wear of the PDC bit could be aggravated by a high rotary speed,the requirement on a PDC bit to penetrate most formations for a long time at a high rotary speed(400–500 r/min)could be readily met by the quality of the currently available PDC cutter.3)The ROP of the bit was also affected by cutter density,but not in a direct manner.As long as a dynamic balance among“capabilities to bite into the formation,cut the rock,and evacuate the cuttings in time”was reached,the optimized fast drilling could be achieved even by a PDC bit with a high cutter density.4)The wear of the PDC bit was less severe under the higher rock-breaking efficiency of the bit.The WOB could be enhanced to improve the ROP and reduce bit wear.5)Dynamic impact and inefficient rock-breaking were considered the primary causes of the premature failure of the PDC cutter and bit.The key for the PDC bit to achieve efficient penetration was improving rock-breaking efficiency and restraining bit vibration.The above results c

关 键 词：PDC钻头 钻井提速 钻井参数 硬岩提速 钻头失效 切削齿磨损机理 

分 类 号：TE21[石油与天然气工程—油气井工程]