都江堰“乘势利导”与长江河势“九辩”  

Taking active advantage of positive river-regime of Dujiangyan IrrigationSystem and nine-debates on macro-river-regime of Yangtze River

作　　者：董耀华[1] DONG Yaohua(Key Laboratory of River Regulation and Flood Control of the Middle and Lower Yangtze River of MWR,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute(CRSRI),Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]长江科学院水利部长江中下游河湖治理与防洪重点实验室,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《水利水电快报》2023年第8期8-16,共9页Express Water Resources & Hydropower Information

摘　　要：基于“治河·治江·治水”理念和都江堰-三峡工程、岷江-长江以及成都平原-长江中下游之间的相似与关联,重新剖析了都江堰治水经,综合提出了“大河势”思维,初步辩识了长江河势。都江堰治水经“乘势利导、因时制宜”既包涵河流水势、沙势与地势等“狭义”河势思想,也可以拓展到民势、国势与时势等“广义”河势思想;基于宏观河流学的“大河势”思维综合包括都江堰“狭义”与“广义”河势、“大河演”、“动态”河势、河势规划以及“静态”河势线等思想方法,并以“河流形态学-河床演变学-河流动力学”为研究基石。长江河势“九辩”涉及江源称谓地位、干流支流水系、干流河道分段、河段划分及河型分类、水沙变化及输沙特性、河床演变及河道形态、河湖关系及侵蚀基面、自然河流与人类活动以及治理保护与开发利用等9个方面辩识。传承与弘扬都江堰治水经和辩识长江河势应推陈出新、与时俱进,积极践行长江流域高质量治理保护与可持续开发利用,加强长江水文化建设。Based on the notion of River Regulation-Yangtze Protection-Water Conservancy and the similarity and connection of the Dujiangyan Irrigation System-the Three Gorges Project,the Mingjiang River-the Yangtze River and the Chengdu Plain-the Middle and Lower Yangtze River,the Water-Conservancy-Experience of the Dujiangyan Irrigation System was reanalysed,the thought of macro-river-regime was comprehensively developed,and the river-regime aspects of the Yangtze River were preliminarily debated.The Water-Conservancy-Experience of the Dujiangyan Irrigation System,can express as"Taking active advantage of positive river-regime and adapting appropriately to the Times".It not only includes river-flow-regime,sediment-transport-regime and river-geomorphology-regime,etc.in narrow sense,but can also be extended to the willness of the people,the power of the nation and the trend of the Times,etc.in broad sense of river-regime.The thought of macro-river-regime,based on the macroscope river-science,includes comprehensively the river-regimes of the Dujiangyan Irrigation System in narrow and broad senses,fluvial processes in largescale,dynamic river-regime,river-regime planning and static river-regime-line,regarding researches of river morphology-fluvial processes-river mechanics as cornerstones.Nine-Debates on macro-river-regime of the Yangtze River involve river sources,names and status;main channel,tributary rivers and watershed divisions;segmentation of main channel;subreach divisions and river-pattern categories;variations of runoffs&sediment loads and characteristics of sediment transport;fluvial processes and channel morphology;river-lake correlation and erosion knickpoints;natural river and artificial interference;river regulation-protection and human utilization-development,etc.Inheriting and enriching on the Water-Conservancy-Experience of the Dujiangyan Irrigation System and debating on macro-river-regime of the Yangtze River should bring forth the New from the Old and keep pace with the times,actively and positively engag

关 键 词：都江堰 乘势利导 大河势 宏观河流学 长江治理保护 N倍风险悖论 长江水文化 

分 类 号：TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源]