电动汽车热泵空调系统冬季运行策略研究  

Operation Strategy of Heat Pump Air Conditioning System forElectric Vehicles in Winter

作　　者：于天蝉 石文星[1] 李先庭[1] 王宝龙[1] Yu Tianchan;Shi Wenxing;Li Xianting;Wang Baolong(Department of Building Science,Tsinghua University,Beijing,100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学建筑技术科学系,北京100084

出　　处：《制冷学报》2023年第4期75-84,共10页Journal of Refrigeration

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51638010)资助项目。

摘　　要：随着气候变化等环境问题日益严峻,电动汽车替代传统燃油汽车正逐渐成为汽车行业的重要发展方向。针对电动汽车热泵空调系统冬季运行能耗高导致的续航里程大幅衰减问题,本文建立了电动汽车热泵空调系统数学模型,定量分析了不同舱外环境工况下采用不同空气循环模式时热泵系统的运行特性,结果表明:在寒冷地区典型冬季工况下,采用舱外空气循环的运行能耗较舱内空气循环高34.4%,而在夏热冬暖地区典型冬季工况下,采用舱外空气循环比舱内空气循环节能17.1%。在满足轿舱温、湿度需求的前提下,根据舱外环境工况合理选择空气循环模式可有效降低热泵系统的运行能耗,据此提出了基于舱外空气焓湿图分区的电动汽车热泵空调系统冬季运行策略,并给出不同气候区、不同乘员数条件下的节能运行模式。The replacement of internal combustion engine vehicles with electric vehicles is becoming an important developmental direction in the automotive industry because of increasingly serious environmental problems and climate change.The high energy consumption for heating from heat pump air-conditioning systems leads to a reduction in the driving range of electric vehicles in winter.In this study,a simulation model of a heat-pump air-conditioning system for electric vehicles was established and its operating performance was analyzed in various air circulation modes under different ambient conditions.The results showed that the energy consumption in the outside air circulation mode was 34.4%higher than that of the recirculated air circulation mode under typical winter conditions in the cold zone.Furthermore,the energy consumption of the outside air circulation mode was reduced by 17.1%compared with the recirculated air circulation mode under typical winter conditions in the hot summer and warm winter zone.The energy consumption of heat pump air-conditioning systems for electric vehicles can be reduced by reasonably controlling the air circulation mode based on ambient conditions on the premise of meeting the requirements of temperature and humidity in the cabin.A control strategy for the energy-saving operation of a heat pump air-conditioning system for electric vehicles in winter is proposed and presented based on the ambient air psychrometric chart through regional division.In addition,the energy-saving operation mode of the heat pump air-conditioning system for electric vehicles in winter for different climatic zones and the number of passengers varying in the cabin are discussed.

关 键 词：电动汽车 热泵 除湿 运行策略 

分 类 号：TB615[一般工业技术—制冷工程] TU834.9[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程] U469.72[机械工程—车辆工程]