联合国全民早期预警行动计划进展  

A review of United Nations Early Warnings for All Executive Action Plan

作　　者：刘颖杰[1,2,3,5] 周馥荔 曹之玉 许小峰 张文建 LIU Ying-Jie;ZHOU Fu-Li;CAO Zhi-Yu;XU Xiao-Feng;ZHANG Wen-Jian(China Meteorological Administration Public Meteorological Service Center,Beijing 100081,China;National Early Warning Center,Beijing 100081,China;Emergency Warning Open Laboratory of the China Meteorological Administration Public Meteorological Service Center,Beijing 100081,China;China Meteorological Service Association,Beijing 100081,China;Emergency Warning Committee of China Meteorological Service Association,Beijing 100081,China;World Meteorological Organization(WMO),Geneva 2300,Switzerland)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局公共气象服务中心,北京100081 [2]国家预警信息发布中心,北京100081 [3]中国气象局公共气象服务中心应急预警开放实验室,北京100081 [4]中国气象服务协会,北京100081 [5]中国气象服务协会应急预警委员会,北京100081 [6]世界气象组织秘书处,瑞典日内瓦2300

出　　处：《气候变化研究进展》2023年第4期530-540,共11页Climate Change Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC0807004)国家公共安全应急平台——公共安全风险防控与应急技术装备;公益性行业专项(GYHY201506015)台风暴雨灾害损失及服务效益关键技术与系统研发;中国气象局青年创新团队计划(CMA2023QN02)预警信息精准靶向发布。

摘　　要：气候灾难造成流离失所的人数是战争的3倍,全球人口的一半已经处于危险区。作为应对气候变化的有效适应措施和低垂成果,联合国全民早期预警行动计划在《联合国气候变化框架公约》第27次缔约方大会上发布。该计划将通过四大支柱——灾害风险知识与管理、观测监测与预报、预警发布与传播、备灾与响应,在未来5年(2023—2027年)内,向地球上每个人提供预警,以抵御日益极端和危险的天气。预警的防灾减灾社会效益明显,发展中国家在预警发布系统上花费数亿元就可以避免每年十倍于投入的灾害损失。建议加强法制规划,理顺预警发布各环节,提升预警发布的及时性、精准性和权威性;加大对亚洲多灾种警报系统(GMAS-A)支持力度,将GMAS-A打造成联合国全民早期预警计划的示范项目,充分发挥GMAS-A在“一带一路”沿线国家及全球防灾减灾中的作用;同时在《联合国气候变化框架公约》下主动设置“预警服务发展中国家”谈判议题,输出中国最佳实践与经验,推动构建人类命运共同体。The number of people displaced by climate disasters is three times that by wars,with half of humanity already in the danger zone.As an effective adaptation measure and low hanging achievement in addressing climate change,the United Nations Early Warnings for All Executive Action Plan was released at the 27th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.The plan will provide early warning to all people on Earth over the next five years(2023-2027)through the following four pillars:disaster risk knowledge and management,observation monitoring and forecasting,early warning communication and dissemination,and disaster preparedness and response capabilities,resisting increasingly extreme and dangerous weather.Early warning has significant social benefits in disaster prevention and reduction.Developing countries can avoid disaster losses that are ten times the cost of the system every year by spending hundreds of millions of dollars on early warning release systems.It is recommended to strengthen legal planning and streamline the various stages of early warning issuance,in order to improve the timeliness,accuracy,and authority of early warning issuance.It is to increase support for the Global Multi-hazard Alert System-Asia(GMAS-A),make GMAS-A a demonstration project of the United Nations Early Warning for All Executive Action Plan,and is give full play to the role of GMAS-A in disaster prevention and reduction in countries along the“the Belt and Road”and the world.At the same time,under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,the negotiation topic of“early warning services for developing countries”should be actively established,and China’s best practices and experiences should be exported to promote the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind.

关 键 词：联合国 早期预警 四大支柱 资金 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]