亏缺灌溉对中国棉花产量和灌溉水分生产力影响的元分析  

A meta-analysis of yield and irrigation water productivity of cotton under deficit irrigation in China

作　　者：贾耀宇 黄伟斌 杨北方[2] 李小飞 王国平[2] 韩迎春[2] 王占彪 李亚兵[1,2] 冯璐 Jia Yaoyu;Huang Weibin;Yang Beifang;Li Xiaofei;Wang Guoping;Han Yingchun;Wang Zhanbiao;Li Yabing;Feng Lu(School of Agriculture Sciences,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization,Anyang,Henan 455000,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学农学院,郑州450001 [2]中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物育种与综合利用全国重点实验室,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《棉花学报》2023年第3期195-210,共16页Cotton Science

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(232102110030);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610162023004)。

摘　　要：【目的】亏缺灌溉是节水农业的一种有效灌溉方式。定量分析亏缺灌溉对我国棉花产量及灌溉水分生产力的影响,为亏缺灌溉在我国进一步推广应用提供参考。【方法】整合2010―2022年已发表的53篇文献,采用元分析方法,定量评估亏缺灌溉条件下不同因素对中国棉花产量和灌溉水分生产力的影响特征。【结果】与充分灌溉相比,亏缺灌溉下籽棉产量平均降低16.2%,而灌溉水分生产力平均增加32.2%。亚组分析表明,在亏缺灌溉条件下我国西北内陆棉区的灌溉水分生产力提升最高,其中新疆地区的减产幅度较小效果最好;降水量相对较少的地区及大田栽培条件下能更有效地利用亏缺灌溉的水分;年平均气温≥10℃的地区,采用干播湿出,适当增加灌溉次数能够有效降低亏缺灌溉导致的减产风险;土壤容重<1.5 kg·cm-3的土壤条件下,亏缺灌溉棉花的减产风险低于高容重的土壤环境;在灌水量为充分灌溉的80%~100%,氮、磷和钾施用量分别为200~300 kg·hm^(-2)、150~200 kg·hm^(-2)和100~150 kg·hm^(-2)的条件下能够有效促进水分利用且降低减产风险。【结论】建议在我国温度相对较高的西北干旱地区,采用干播湿出的棉花种植方式以节水稳产,实施轻度亏缺灌溉,适当增加灌水次数,适量施肥,降低亏缺灌溉对棉花生产的影响。[Objective]Deficit irrigation is an effective irrigation method used in water-saving agriculture.This study aims to quantitatively analyze the influence on cotton yield and irrigation water productivity under deficit irrigation in China,and to provide the reference for further application of deficit irrigation in China.[Method]A meta-analysis was used to quantitatively evaluate the influence of different factors on cotton yield and irrigation water productivity under deficit irrigation in China by integrating 53 literatures published from 2010 to 2022.[Result]The result showed that compared with full irrigation,the average yield of seed cotton under deficit irrigation was decreased by 16.2%,while the irrigation water productivity was increased by 32.2%on average.The subgroup analysis showed that the highest increase of irrigation water productivity was observed in Northwest China under deficit irrigation,particularly in Xinjiang which had the best effect with less yield reduction.Field plantation and areas with relatively low precipitation had increased efficiency of water productivity under irrigation deficit condition.In areas with the annual average temperature≥10℃,adopting the planting method of dry sowing and wet emergence,and moderately increasing irrigation frequency can effectively reduce the risk of yield reduction under deficit irrigation condition.Under the condition of soil bulk density<1.5 kg·cm-3,the risk of seed cotton yield reduction was lower than that of the high soil bulk density under deficit irrigation condition.The application of 80%-100%of full irrigation,and application rate of 200-300 kg·hm^(-2)nitrogen,100-150 kg·hm^(-2)potassium and 150-200 kg·hm^(-2)phosphorus can effectively promote water utilization rate and reduce the risk of yield reduction under deficit irrigation condition.[Conclusion]It is suggested that the planting method of dry sowing and wet emergence is suitable to conserve water and stabilize yield under mild deficit irrigation condition in the Northwest China arid

关 键 词：亏缺灌溉 中国棉花 元分析 籽棉产量 灌溉水分生产力 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]