草棉同源四倍体后代性状鉴定与遗传解析  

Character identification and genetic analysis of autotetraploid progenies of Gossypium herbaceum

作　　者：荣二花[1] 杨亚杰 李昱樱 吴玉香[1] Rong Erhua;Yang Yajie;Li Yuying;Wu Yuxiang(College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《棉花学报》2023年第3期220-229,共10页Cotton Science

基　　金：山西省基础研究计划项目(自由探索类)(20210302124154);国家自然科学基金(31171599)。

摘　　要：【目的】多倍化是植物进化及新物种形成的重要途径,利用染色体加倍之后基因的剂量效应及多倍体优势,培育出综合性状优良的草棉同源四倍体新种质,有效拓宽棉花种质资源。【方法】以草棉同源多倍体后代S_(1)和S_(2)为材料,利用流式细胞仪鉴定倍性,对同源四倍体进行形态学、细胞学和生理生化指标鉴定。【结果】倍性鉴定表明,5株S_(1)中有1株三倍体和4株四倍体,7株S_(2)中有1株非整倍体和6株四倍体。在植株形态、叶片性状、花的表型、气孔性状等方面,S_(2)较S_(1)更稳定。细胞学鉴定结果表明,S_(2)正常四分体(85.17%)和正常花粉粒(87.33%)的比例较S_(1)都有所提高,说明同源四倍体减数分裂逐渐趋于正常。S_(2)叶片中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶的活性以及丙二醛、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸和叶绿素的含量均高于S_(1)及其二倍体亲本。在结实率、种子大小和纤维长度方面,S_(2)优于S_(1)。【结论】通过染色体加倍成功合成了草棉同源四倍体新种质,S_(2)较S_(1)表现出更强的多倍体优势,且育性于S_(2)代趋于稳定。[Objective]Polyploidization is an important way for plant evolution and new species formation.Using the gene dosage effect caused by chromosome doubling and polyploid advantage,it aims to cultivate new autotetraploid germplasm of Gossypium herbaceum with multiple excellent characters,so as to broaden the cotton germplasm resources effectively.[Method]The autopolyploid S_(1) and progeny S_(2) of G.herbaceum were used as materials,and the ploidy was identified by flow cytometry.The morphological,cytological,physiological,and biochemical indexes of autotetraploid were determined.[Result]Ploidy identification showed that there were 1 triploid plant and 4 tetraploid plants in 5 S_(1) plants,and 1 aneuploid plant and 6 tetraploid plants in 7 S_(2) plants.S_(2) plants were more stable than S_(1) plants in terms of plant morphology,leaf characters,flower phenotype,and stomata characters.The cytological identification results showed that the proportion of normal tetrads(85.17%)and normal pollen grains(87.33%)in S_(2) was higher than that in S_(1),which indicated the meiosis in autotetraploid tending to be normal.The activity of superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,and catalase,the content of malondialdehyde,soluble protein,soluble sugar,proline,and chlorophyll in S_(2) plants were all higher than those in S_(1) plants and their diploid parents.In terms of seed setting rate,seed size,and fiber length,S_(2) was better than S_(1).[Conclusion]The new autotetraploid germplasm of G.herbaceum is successfully synthesized through chromosome doubling,and the restoration of fertility tends to be stable in S_(2) generation with higher polyploid advantage.

关 键 词：草棉 同源多倍体 性状鉴定 流式细胞仪 细胞学 生理生化指标 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]