西藏部分地区老年人体质与体育锻炼的关系研究  

Study on the relationship between physical exercise and physical health of the elderly in some areas of Tibet

作　　者：陈婷[1] 王佳娟 梁蒙 赵昕 杜文娟 程红 孙睿哲 Chen Ting;Wang Jiajuan;Liang Meng;Zhao Xin;Du Wenjuan;Cheng Hong;Sun Ruizhe(Key Laboratory of Plateau Hyporia Environment and Life and Health,Plateau Sports and Health Research Center,Xizang University for Nationalities,Xianyang 712082,China;Xizang University for Nationalities Hospital,Xianyang,712082,China;Institute of Sports Science,Tibet Autonomous Region,Lhasa 850007,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏民族大学高原体育与健康研究中心高原低氧环境与生命健康重点实验室,咸阳712082 [2]西藏民族大学附属医院,咸阳712082 [3]西藏自治区体育科学研究所,拉萨850007

出　　处：《中华老年医学杂志》2023年第8期958-963,共6页Chinese Journal of Geriatrics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(82060422)西藏文化传承发展协同创新中心招标课题(XTZB202240);西藏民族大学高原低氧环境与生命健康实验室开放课题(XZMU-2022M-H03)。

摘　　要：目的探讨西藏部分地区60~69岁老年人体质状况及影响因素。方法数据来源于西藏国民体质监测6069岁老年人群部分,有效样本量824例为研究对象。采用X^(2)检验、二元Logistic回归分析影响60~69岁老年人体质的因素。结果西藏三部分地区60~69岁老年人参加体质评分,体质优秀11例(1.3%),良好47例(5.7%),合格394例(47.8%),不合格372例(45.1%)。西藏不同年龄(X²=8.367,P=0.039)、性别(X^(2)=22.168,P<0.001)、城乡(X^(2)=12.282,P=0.006)、地区(X^(2)=60.358,P<0.001)、体质指数(BMI)(X^(2)=105.134,P<0.001)之间老年人体质综合评级比较差异有统计学意义。在体质总合格比例方面,西藏地区65~69岁老年人差于60~64岁者;女性优于男性;城镇优于乡村;拉萨和那曲地区优于林芝;肥胖老年人差于正常体重者(均P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,女性(OR=1.765,95%CI:1.284~2.425)、拉萨(OR=2.799,95%CI:1.677~4.672)、那曲(OR=2.730,95%CI:1.677~4.445)、经常运动(OR=1.845,95%CI:1.078~3.160)是60~69岁老年人健康的保护因素,而目前不工作(OR=0.503,95%CI:0.289~0.876)、肥胖(OR=0.108,95%CI:0.066~0.177)是60~69岁老年人体质健康的危险因素。进一步分析发现,不同锻炼频率(X^(2)=18.760,P<0.001)、锻炼时间(X²=15.485,P<0.001)之间体质合格比例比较差异有统计学意义,每周运动1~2次和3~4次的老年人体质合格比例显著高于不运动者,每次运动30~60min的老年人体质合格比例显著高于运动30min以下者。且每周运动3~4次的老年人体质合格比例是不运动的2.58倍(P<0.05)。结论西藏林芝、拉萨、那曲三部分地区60~69岁老年人体质不合格率较高,为45.1%。目前不工作、BMI≥28kg/m^(2)与老年人体质呈负相关。而女性、拉萨、那曲地区、经常运动与体质呈正相关。体育锻炼(30~60min/次,3~4次/week)对提高老年人体质合格比例有积极作用。Objective To examine the physical health status and factors affecting individuals aged 60-69 years in certain regions of Tibet.Methods The study analyzed data collected from 824 individuals aged 60-69 from the Xizang national physique monitoring.Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to identify factors that affect the physical health of this age group.Results The study evaluated the physical fitness of elderly individuals aged 60 to 69 years old in three regions of Tibet.The results indicated that only ll cases(1.3%)of participants had excellent physical fitness,while 47 cases(5.7%)had good physical fitness,394 cases(47.8%)were qualified,and 372 cases(45.1%)were unqualified.The study also found significant differences in physical fitness based on age(X^(2)=8.367,P=0.039),sex(x2=22.168,P<0.001),urban/rural location(X^(2)=12.282,P=0.006),region(X^(2)=60.358,P<0.001),and body mass index(BMI)(X^(2)=105.134,P<0.001).Specifically,individuals aged 60-64 years old had a higher proportion of qualified physique than those aged 65-69 years old.Women had better physical fitness than men,and individuals living in urban areas had better physical fitness than those in rural areas.Moreover,participants from Lhasa and Nagqu regions had better physical fitness than those from Nyingchi.Obese elderly individuals had worse physical fitness than those with normal weight(all P<o.05 for all).The study found that female gender(OR=1.765,95%CI:1.284-2.425),being a Lhasa(OR=2.799,95%CI:1.677-4.672)or Naqu resident(OR=2.730,95%CI:1.677-4.445),and engaging in regular exercise(OR=1.845,95%CI:1.078-3.160)were protective factors for physical health among individuals aged 60-69 years old.However,not working(OR=0.503,95%CI:0.289~0.876)and obesity(OR=0.108,95%CI:0.066-0.177)were identified as risk factors for physical health in this age group.Additionally,the analysis revealed significant differences in fitness ratios based on exercise frequency(X^(2)=18.760,P<0.001)and exercise time(X^(2)=15.485,P<0.001).Specifically,the fitness

关 键 词：体质 健康状况 体育和训练 

分 类 号：R161.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]