定罪免刑:化解微罪扩张伴生风险的优先选项  

Conviction and Exemption from Punishment:A Priority Option to Mitigate the Risks Associ-ated with the Expansion of Minor Offenses

作　　者：魏汉涛 Wei Hantao

机构地区：[1]武昌理工学院,湖北武汉430223 [2]中南财经政法大学刑事司法学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《江西社会科学》2023年第6期122-131,208,共11页Jiangxi Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“生物安全视野下人类基因科技开发与应用的刑法规制研究”(22BFX046)。

摘　　要：微罪在立法与司法两个层面都在不断扩张,其伴生的负面影响越来越明显。定罪免刑制度在应对微罪扩张伴生风险方面具有多方面的优势,但在司法裁判中适用率很低,表明其价值尚未得到充分认识。事实上,定罪免刑是应对微罪扩张伴生风险的优先选项,因为微罪与传统的重罪、轻罪有质的差异,我们不能用传统对待犯罪的态度来对待微罪;微罪难以大面积通过不起诉实现审前分流,少捕慎诉慎押的刑事司法政策也决定了微罪慎刑、定罪免刑在微罪领域有很大的适用空间。要使定罪免刑真正发挥化解微罪扩张伴生风险的积极功能,需要破除定罪免刑就是不受任何处罚的误解,更新有犯罪必有刑罚的传统观念,阐明定罪免刑转向免罪免刑的道路走不通。The expansion of minor offenses is evident at both the legislative and judicial levels,and its associated negative impacts are becoming increasingly apparent.The system of conviction with exemption from punishment has various advantages in addressing the risks associated with the expansion of minor offenses.However,its application rate is low in judicial decisions,indicating that its value has not been fully recognized.In fact,conviction with exemption from punishment is a priority option in dealing with the risks associated with the expansion of minor offenses because minor offenses have qualitative differences from traditional felonies or misdemeanors..We cannot treat minor offenses with the same attitude as we do with traditional crimes.It is difficult to implement pre-trial diversion on a large scale for minor offenses through non-prosecution.The criminal justice policy of"fewer arrests,cautious prosecution,and cautious detention"also requires a significant application of prudence in conviction with exemption from punishment in the field of minor offenses.To ensure that conviction with exemption from punishment truly plays a proactive role in mitigating the risks associated with the expansion of minor offenses,it is necessary to dispel the misconception that conviction with exemption from punishment means no punishment at all.It is essential to update the traditional notion that crime must be accompanied by punishment and clarify that the path of conviction with exemption from punishment cannot be transformed into complete exemption from both conviction and punishment.

关 键 词：微罪 定罪免刑 风险化解 审前分流 前科封存 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]