西南地区乡村振兴重点帮扶县居民脱贫前后卫生服务调查研究  

Health services utilization among residents in designated key counties for rural revitalization in southwest China before and after poverty alleviation

作　　者：陈杰 吴楷雯 邓淦元 邓春燕 闻萱 陈莹 邓睿 CHEN Jie;WU Kaiwen;DENG Ganyuan;DENG Chunyan;WEN Xuan;CHEN Ying;DENG Rui(School of Public Health,Kunming Medical University,Kunming,Yunnan 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明医科大学公共卫生学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《中国农村卫生事业管理》2023年第7期474-480,共7页Chinese Rural Health Service Administration

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(19XSH009);2022年度昆明医科大学研究生创新基金(2022S010)。

摘　　要：目的了解乡村振兴重点帮扶县居民脱贫前后卫生服务需求与利用状况,为卫生规划提供依据。方法采用两次横断面调查,通过多阶段分层随机抽样选取云贵川三省的5个重点帮扶县,分别于2019年(脱贫前)和2021年(脱贫后)对调查点的713户3433人和807户3833人进行调查。结果脱贫后,贫困人口到最近医疗机构的距离<1公里的人数占比,安全饮用水覆盖率和卫生户厕普及率提升明显。脱贫前后,贫困人口自报两周患病率为16.28%和14.96%,高于非贫困人口的11.92%和10.40%(P<0.001);贫困人口15岁以上人群一年内慢性病患病率为13.28%和14.17%,高于非贫困人口的8.35%和10.54%(P<0.05)。脱贫前,贫困人口两周患病治疗率为93.54%,低于非贫困人口的97.88%(P<0.05);一年内住院率为10.10%,高于非贫困人口的7.99%(P<0.05)。脱贫后,两类贫困身份居民两周患病治疗率无显著差异(P>0.05);贫困人口一年内住院率为12.71%,仍高于非贫困人口的8.54%(P<0.05)。结论脱贫后,重点帮扶县居民的卫生服务和设施可及性、门诊和住院利用水平有所改善,但脱贫人口卫生服务可及性和门诊利用仍需进一步提升,住院服务利用保障宜持续优化。Objective To explore the demand and utilization of health services among residents in the designated key counties for rural revitalization before and after poverty alleviation,so as to provide further evidences for health planning.Methods Through two cross-sectional surveys,a multi-stage stratified random sampling was conducted to select five key counties in Yunnan,Sichuan and Guizhou provinces.In total,713 households with 3433 individuals and 807 households with 3833 individuals were selected for questionnaire surveys in 2019(before poverty alleviation)and 2021(after poverty alleviation)respectively.Results After poverty alleviation,the proportion of poor people whose accessibility to the nearest health institution within less than 1 kilometer,the coverage rate of safe drinking water,and the penetration rate of sanitary toilets among poor population had significantly increased.The self-reported two-week prevalence rates of poor population were 16.28%in 2019 and 14.96%in 2021,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of non-poor population(11.92%and 10.40%,P<0.001).The chronic disease prevalence rates of the poor population aged 15 and above were 13.28%in 2019 and 14.17%in 2021,respectively,higher than 8.35%and 10.54%of the non-poor population(P<0.05).Before poverty alleviation,the treatment rate of two-week illness of poor population was 93.54%in 2019,lower than that of non-poor population(97.88%,P<0.05);The one-year hospitalization rate of poor population was 10.10%,higher than that of non-poor population(7.99%,P<0.05).After poverty alleviation,the treatment rate of twoweek illness showed no significant difference between poor and non-poor population(P>0.05).The one-year hospitalization rate of poor population was 12.71%,significantly higher than that of non-poor population(8.54%,P<0.05).Conclusions After poverty alleviation,the accessibility of health services and facilities,and the utilization of outpatient and inpatient services for residents living in the designated key counties for rural revi

关 键 词：卫生服务可及性 卫生服务需求 卫生服务利用 两周患病率 住院率 乡村振兴 重点帮扶县 

分 类 号：R197[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]