明代言官承旨弹劾现象分析——以正统至天顺时期为中心  

Analysis on Impeachment by the Supervisors Required by the Emperor in Ming Dynasty——Focusing on the Period from Zhengtong to Tianshun

作　　者：陈雅丽 CHEN Ya-Li(School of History and Culture,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学历史文化学院,北京100081

出　　处：《长江师范学院学报》2023年第4期120-128,共9页Journal of Yangtze Normal University

基　　金：中央民族大学硕士研究生自主科研项目“明代旨劾浅议”(SZKY2021037)。

摘　　要：明代言官承旨弹劾现象主要集中于正统至天顺年间。明代弹劾例由言官行耳目之职,自主监察发起,呈禀皇帝裁决,形成一套完备的监察体系。然行至正统年间,却出现了皇帝参与监察过程前段的现象,即下旨命言官弹劾具体事宜,以求达到惩处结果在程序上的正当性。通过分析相关现象并探讨其演变,皇帝除作为决策者参与监察外,还以允肯者与发起者的角色游刃其间。此现象形成于皇权平稳运行的迫切需求,发展于皇权集中的政治需求,最终消逝于制度土壤的缺乏。可以发现明代言官制度在特定时期于皇权运行中发挥着不可或缺的作用。Impeachment in the Ming Dynasty was initiated by the supervisors,exercising supervisory function,and requesting the emperor’s ruling,which formed a complete supervision system.However,the emperor started to participate in the early stage of the supervision process,asking supervisors to impeach to realize the legitimacy of the punishment procedure after ZhengTong period.By analyzing this phenomenon and discussing its evolution,the emperor not only participated in the supervi⁃sion as a decision-maker,but also as a permission man and an initiator.This phenomenon was formed in the urgent need for the stable operation of imperial power,developed in the political needs of the centralization of imperial power,and finally disap⁃peared in the lack of institutional conditions.It can be found that the censorate system in the Ming Dynasty played an indispens⁃able role in the operation of imperial power in a specific period.

关 键 词：明代 明英宗 言官 弹劾 锦衣卫 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]