历史时期云南境内的马种演变与坝区农业转变  

The Evolution of Horse Species and the Transformation of Plain Agriculture in Yunnan during the Historical period

作　　者：耿金 Geng Jin

机构地区：[1]云南大学历史与档案学院,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《贵州文史丛刊》2023年第2期34-42,共9页GUIZHOU CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL JOURNAL

基　　金：2018年国家社科基金青年项目“17-20世纪云南水田开发与生态景观变迁研究”(项目编号:18CZS066)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：元代以前历史文献中多记载云南境内盛产善于奔跑的名马,从汉代文献中的“滇池驹”到唐宋时期的“越赕骢”“大理马”,皆为体型俊美之骑乘马匹。元明以后,文献中记载的“云南马”以善行山路、驮物为主,并最终形成明清时期对云南马的认知形象。马种的交替演变,背后的原因是云南坝区农业生产方式在元代以后发生根本性转变,即坝区由元代以前的畜牧、农耕并重,到元明后以农耕为主,饲养良马的土地资源农田化,此过程也伴随着坝区饲养马匹的民众因农业生产方式的差异而向山区转移。农耕经济对于马匹役力的使用更强化其驮物功能,故体型略小的“云南马”在元明以后成为云南地区的主要役力马种。这一过程随着清代农耕向山区推进而形成“云南马”在山区使用普及化,由此改变了云南马种的分布格局。The most of the documents before the Yuan Dynasty recorded that Yunnan was rich in famous horses that were good at running,from the"Dianchi Ju"colt in the Han Dynasty to"Yue Dan Cong"and"Dali Horse"in the Tang and Song dynasties.After the Yuan and Ming dynasties,Yunnan horses recorded in the literature were mainly"Dian horses",which were mainly good at walking in mountain roads and piggybacks,and finally formed the cognitive image of Yunnan horses in the Ming and Qing dynasties.The core factor behind the alternating evolution of horse species is the fundamental change in the mode of agricultural production in the dam area after the Yuan Dynasty,that is,from animal husbandry and farming before the Yuan Dynasty to farming after the Yuan and Ming dynasties,and the land resources of raising good horses are turned into farmland,and this process is also accompanied by the transferring of ethnic minorities who raise horses in the plain areas to the mountainous areas because of different farming methods.The farming economy put more emphasis on the burden function of horses,so the smaller"Yuannan horse"became the main service horse breed in Yunnan after the Yuan and Ming dynasties.This process promoted the popularization of the use of"Yuannan horse"in the mountain areas with the advance of farming to the mountainous areas in the Qing Dynasty,which further strengthened the distribution pattern of Yunnan horse breeds.

关 键 词：滇池驹 越赕骢 大理马 云南马 坝区农业 

分 类 号：K825.8[历史地理—历史学]