清代前中期中英水银贸易探析  

A Preliminary Study on the Mercury Trade Between China And Britain in the Early And Middle Qing Dynasty

作　　者：游锦香 You Jinxiang

机构地区：[1]广州大学人文学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《贵州文史丛刊》2023年第2期54-58,共5页GUIZHOU CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL JOURNAL

摘　　要：清代前期,水银成为了中英贸易中的重要商品。中国水银的主要产地在贵州,从山间采砂后炼制而成的水银被运输至广州,再通过海上运输到达欧洲。因十八世纪英国国内梅毒等病毒的泛滥和工业发展的需求,英国东印度公司大量进口中国水银,中英水银贸易也渐渐兴盛。当时,中国汞矿因开采成本高昂等因素,致水银生产量收缩,使得中国水银价格在十八世纪下半叶上涨,逐渐被其他国家的竞品所替代。到清代中期,中英之间水银贸易走向衰落,中国不仅形成原料上的贸易逆差,还成为了英国水银工艺品的倾销地。In the early Qing Dynasty,mercury became an important commodity in the trade between China and Britain.China's mercury is mainly produced in Guizhou.The mercury refined from sand mining in the mountains is transported to Guangzhou and then transported to Europe via the Maritime Silk Road.Due to the spread of syphilis in Britain in the 18th century and the demand of industrial development,the British East India Company imported a large amount of Chinese mercury,and the mercury trade between China and Britain also gradually flourished.However,the cost of mercury mining in China was high and the technology was backward.The mining ban policy led to the contraction of mercury production,which made theprice of mercury in China rises in the second half of the 18th century and gradually replaced by competitors from other countries.By the middle of the Qing Dynasty,the mercury trade between China and Britain was declining.China not only formed a trade deficit in raw materials,but also became a dumping place for British mercury handicrafts.

关 键 词：清代前中期 中英贸易 水银 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]