基于分层水量平衡模型的蓄水坑灌果园土壤水分动态模拟  

Simulation of Soil Moisture Dynamics in a Water Storage Pit Irrigated Orchard Based on Stratified Water Balance Model

作　　者：张甜甜 郭向红[1,2] 雷涛 孙西欢[1] 马娟娟[1] 郑利剑[1] ZHANG Tian-tian;GUO Xiang-hong;LEI Tao;SUN Xi-huan;MA Juan-juan;ZHENG Li-jian(College of Water Resources Science and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学水利科学与工程学院,太原030024 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2023年第8期80-88,共9页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家重点实验室开放研究基金项目(IWHR-SKL-202110);山西省水利科学技术研究与推广项目(2022GM012)。

摘　　要：为模拟蓄水坑灌果园土壤水分动态,实现土壤水分动态预测,基于土壤的水量平衡原理,在现有分层水量平衡模型的基础上引入局部灌溉系数ξ,对蓄水坑所在的0~70 cm土层的下渗水量进行了修正,建立了蓄水坑灌条件下0~200cm土层的分层水量平衡模型。于2015年4-10月,在山西省晋中市太谷县农业科学院果树研究所进行两个水分处理(处理一灌水上下限为田间持水量的50%~80%、处理二灌水上下限为田间持水量的60%~90%)蓄水坑灌果园水分动态监测试验。采用处理一的数据率定了模型的局部灌溉系数ξ,得到ξ的率定值为0.8,采用处理二的数据对率定后的模型进行验证,验证得到的模型均方根误差最大值为0.0074cm^(3)/cm^(3)、平均相对误差最大值为2.80%、平均绝对误差最大值为0.0064 cm^(3)/cm^(3),说明模型具有较高的模拟精度,分层水量平衡模型可以用于蓄水坑灌果园土壤水分动态模拟。两个水分处理的水分动态模拟结果显示,由于蒸发、水分下渗、根系吸水等耗水因素,随着时间的推移各层土壤含水率呈下降趋势,当有灌溉和降雨时呈上升趋势,整体来看土壤含水率在一定范围内不断波动;灌溉和降雨之后从浅到深各土层土壤含水率的增加幅度呈现了不同的趋势,灌溉之后各土层土壤含水率的增加幅度随深度先增大后减小,降雨之后各土层土壤含水率的增加幅度随深度逐渐减小;相较于中层和下层,上层土壤含水率的波动范围更大且该层土壤的平均含水率更低;处理二各层土壤的平均含水率均高于处理一。In order to simulate soil moisture dynamics of storage pit irrigation orchards and achieve soil moisture dynamics prediction,a stratified water balance model for 0~200 cm soil layer under storage pit irrigation conditions was established based on the water balance principle of soil,by introducing the local irrigation coefficientξbased on the existing stratified water balance model and correcting the infiltration water in the 0~70 cm soil layer where the storage pit was located.From April to October 2015,a water dynamic monitoring experiment was conducted for two water treatments(treatment 1 with upper and lower limits of irrigation of 50%~80%of field water holding capacity,treatment 2 with upper and lower limits of irrigation of 60%~90%of field water holding capacity)of water storage pit irrigated orchards at the Fruit Tree Research Institute,Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taigu County,Jinzhong City,Shanxi Province.The data from treatment 1 were used to rate the local irrigation coefficientξof the model,and the rate value ofξwas obtained as 0.8.The data of treatment 2 were used to validate the model after the rate,and the maximum root mean square error of the model was 0.0074 cm^(3)·cm-3,the maximum average relative error was 2.80%,and the maximum average absolute error was 0.0064 cm^(3)·cm-3,indicating that the model had high simulation accuracy and the stratified water balance model could be used to simulate the soil moisture dynamics of the water storage pit irrigated orchard.The simulation results of the moisture dynamics of the two water treatments showed that the soil moisture content of each layer tended to decrease over time due to evaporation,water infiltration,root absorption and other water consumption factors,and tended to increase when there was irrigation and rainfall,and the overall soil moisture content fluctuated within a certain range.After irrigation and rainfall,the increase of soil water content in each soil layer from shallow to deep showed different trends.The increase of soil water

关 键 词：蓄水坑灌 分层水量平衡模型 局部灌溉系数 土壤含水率 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]